foundations and history of public health Flashcards
1
Q
identify the goals of government public health
A
– Prevent epidemics and spread of disease
– Protect against environmental hazards
– Prevent injuries
– Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
– Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
– Ensure quality and accessibility of health services
2
Q
- Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems
A
- vital statistics (who’s born, who’s died, etc)
- health surveys
- surveillance (including reportable diseases)
- essentially:
- accurate diagnosis of the community’s health status
- identification of threats to health
- assessment of health service needs
- timely collection, analysis, and publication of info on access, utilization, costs, and outcomes of personal health services
- attention to the vital statistics and health status disparite groups
- collaboration to manage integrated information systems with private providers and health benefit plans
- part of assessment
3
Q
discuss roles in public health of “non-health” agencies
A
- EPA: emissions’ impacts on asthma
- department of homeland security: disaster and biowarefare prep
- department of agriculture: works with FDA on food safety
- department of housing and urban development: requirements on building codes/lead safety/etc
- department of energy: radiation safety standards
4
Q
illustrate need for collaboration between government and NGOs
A
- NGOs: an organization that is not run by a government
- Ex: Red Cross, American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, March of Dimes, MADD
- have huge impacts on policy due to money
5
Q
describe approaches to connecting public health and healthcare
A
- Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
– social conditions in which people live and work - Patient/Client-Centered Care
– Patients and their families are integral to the healthcare team
– Monitoring health is the client’s responsibility - Increased use of technology
– Electronic health records
– Telehealth (using videoconferencing, sensors, high-speed
telecommunications networks, etc. used to remotely monitor
patients in their homes) - Increased personal responsibility
– Actively participating in one’s own health (lifestyle changes)
6
Q
- Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community
A
- basically case finding
- identify emerging health threats, and also rapid on-site screenings to identify cases of infectious disease in “nontraditional” healthcare settings
- part of assessment
7
Q
- inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
A
- health education campaigns, social marketing
- essentially:
- media communications and social marketing to “sell” healthy behaviors
- tobacco cessation programs
- “this is your brain. this is your brain on drugs”
- part of policy development
8
Q
- Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
A
- lead control programs: contractors, painters, clinics, preschools, moms groups, private pediatricians all need to be aware of protocols and testing schedules
- essentially: convening and facilitating groups and associations to work toward a common goal
- policy development
9
Q
- Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health
A
- newborn screenings
- vaccine mandates
- essentially: leaderships development at all levels of public health, community and state-level planning for health improvement, development of codes and regulations
- part of policy development
10
Q
- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
A
- local: fluoridation and chlorination of water
- state: regulation of nursing homes
- federal: FDA approval and food safety regulations
- essentially: full enforcement of sanitary codes, full protection of drinking water supply, timely follow-up of hazards, exposures, and timely review of new drug and biological applications
- part of assurance
11
Q
- Link people to needed personal health services and ensure provision of care when otherwise unavailable
A
- community health centers and health department clinics
- essentially: making sure there is a coordinated system of care for folks who otherwise wouldn’t have it
- part of assurance
12
Q
- Ensure the provision of a competent public and personal healthcare workforce
A
- licensure of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals
- essentially: education and training for personnel, efficient licensure processes with regular verification and inspection, and adoption of quality improvement plans
- part of assurance
13
Q
- Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population based services
A
- EBP recommendations
- essentially: ongoing evaluation of health programs, based on analysis of health status and service utilization data
- part of assurance
14
Q
- research for new insights and solutions… all 3 core functions
A
- NIH, CDC, everyone should be doing it
15
Q
local government
A
- 2 models: “home rule” and “local autonomy”
- regardless of model:
- immunizations for uninsured
- communicable disease surveillance
- communicable disease control (TB and syphilis at minimum)
- inspection and licensing of restaurants
- environmental health surveillance
- coordinating PH screenings (newborn)
- tobacco control
- disaster preparedness
16
Q
state government
A
- vital statistics
- running a PH laboratory
- licensing of health professionals
- administering WIC
- regulation of health facilities
- drinking water regulation
- medicaid administration
- medical examiners office
17
Q
federal government – national institutes for health (NIH)
A
- largest agency in HHS
- annual budget of $30 billion per year which is more than all the other agencies combined
- the lead research agency in the US
- also funds training programs and communication of health info to the professional community and the public
- world’s largest biomedical research enterprise
18
Q
federal government – ATSDR Agency for toxic substances and disease registry
A
- administered by CDC
- works with EPA to provide guidance on health hazards of toxic exposures (lead smelter in desoto)
19
Q
federal government – CDC
A
- most commonly known public health
- the lead agency for prevention, health data, epidemic investigation, and public health measures aimed at disease control and prevention
20
Q
federal government – FDA
A
- authority for safety of foods and safety and efficacy of drugs, vaccines, and other medical interventions
- division responsible for food safety, medical devices, drug efficacy and safety, and drug approval
21
Q
federal government – Health resources and services administration (HRSA)
A
- seeks to ensure equitable access to comprehensive quality health care
- funds community health centers, HIV/AIDS services, the “safety net”
- manages a scholarship for health professional students
22
Q
population-focused practice
A
- diagnoses, interventions, and treatments are carried out for population or subpopulation
- levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary)
- population-level decision making is different
- concerned with more than one subpopulation
23
Q
individual-focused practice
A
- diagnoses, interventions, and treatments are carried out at individual client level
