Foundations and Concrete Flashcards
Name the 2 principles of a water-managed foundation.
- Keep rainwater away from the foundation wall perimeter
- Drain groundwater with subfloor perimeter footing drains
What is the major difference between dampproofing and waterproofing?
Dampproofing delays the water, whereas waterproofing refers to the resistance of water. ( Slows down water egress vs stopping )
What product is used in a crawl space to prevent moisture from affecting the floor framing?
6-mil polyethylene vapour barrier
What are the 3 foundation types?
- Crawl Space
- Full Basement
- Slab-on-Ground
What are the 2 types of foundation settlement?
- Differential settlement
- Uniform settlement
The strength of soils depends on:
- Presence/Absence of water
- Depth of foundation
- Size of foundation
- Bearing capacity
What are the 2 types of footings?
- Wall footings
- Column footings
What does strip footing support?
- Wall
- Floor
Where is the frostline located?
min. 4’-6” to 5’-0”
In new construction, what is a method used to prevent the ingress of soil of gas?
Sub-slab depressurization system
( or vapour barrier )
How do you make cast-in-place foundation walls?
By pouring and placing concrete into formwork with spacers, including ties and rebars. ( Structural Engineer Responsibility )
Name 2 of the stresses a foundation wall must resist.
- Ground Forces/Pressure ( + Moisture )
- Building Loads
What is a pilaster?
Semi-column embedded within an existing wall. ( Contained in a wall: Used to support beams )
What is the minimum slope of the finished grade away from a foundation wall?
5%
Name 3 methods to control soil gases.
- Polyethylene air barrier
- Depressurization system
- Exhaust pipe
What is an example of a soil gas?
Radon: An odourless and tastless gas
True or False. Footings receive the house loads through posts or foundation walls and then transmit these loads to the soil.
True.
What are the differences between Steel Column Footing and Wood Column Footing?
The base of the steel column is embedded in the concrete floor, whereas for wood columns, a polyethylene layer separates wood from concrete. The base of the wood column may be soaked in wood preservatives for additional moisture protection.
What is the function of the filter fabric used around the foundation drain?
A geotextile cover is used to prevent clogging. It is used to filter/prevent the finer soil particles from penetrating and blocking the foundation drain.
What is the function of a foundation drain?
A system designed to divert water away from the foundation.
What is the function of the foundation?
The function of the foundation is to transfer the structural loads from a building safely into the ground.
A building experience… ( Name the types of loads and pressures )
- Dead load
- Live load
- Lateral loads:
Wind loads
Earthquake loads - Horizontal pressures: Earth + Water
- Horizontal thrusts: Domes, Arches, etc.
- Buoyant uplift forces: Water
What are the performance requirements of the Basement Envelope System?
- Provide structural support for the building
- Control heat loss
- Control air leakage
- Control moisture flow in and out
- Meet other code requirements
What is the standard height for a crawl space?
18”
