Foundations

Question 1

Definitions: therapeutic

Answer 1

Therapeutic: 1. pertinent to results obtained from treatment 2. have medicinal or healing properties 3. a healing agent

Question 2

Exercise

Answer 2

an activity performed to maintain, restore, or increase normal capacity. Physical exercise involves activities that maintain or increase muscle tone and strength especially to improve physical fitness or to manage a handicap or disability

Question 3

Therapeutic exercise

Answer 3

scientific application of physical activity as an intervention for improving function, general health, and sense of well-being in patients 2. preventing complications and further functional loss 3. or improving or maintaining functional performance in healthy clients.

interventions may include techniques to improve motion, strength, motor control, muscle and cardiopulmonary endurance, and efficiency, posture, balance, and coordination.

Question 4

Therapeutic exercise is:

Answer 4

the systematic performance or execution of planned physical movements, postures, or activities intended to enable the patient/client to 1. remediate or prevent impairments 2. enhance function 3. reduce risk 4. optimize overall health and 5. enhance fitness and well-being

Question 5

Pt management model

Answer 5

• examination
• evaluation
• diagnosis
• prognosis
• intervention
• outcome

Question 6

intervention

Answer 6

• therapeutic exercise falls under this category
• 9 types of procedural interventions that are commonly selected by PT
• these 9 form the core of most PT plans of care

Question 7

clinical considerations for choosing ther-ex

Answer 7

• pathology
• impairments
• functional limitations
• disability
• risk reduction
• health, wellness, and fitness needs

Question 8

impairments

Answer 8

• consequences of pathological conditions
• signs and symptoms that reflect abnormalities at the body system, organ, or tissue level
• PTs generally address impairments that affect the musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular/pulmonary, or integumentary systems

Question 9

Functional limitations

Answer 9

• occur at the level of the whole person
• result of impairments
• characterized by reduced ability of a person to perform actions or components of motor skills in an efficient or typically expected manner
• Ex. decreased ROM of shoulder may lead to inability to reach overhead while trying to brush hair

Question 10

Disability

Answer 10

inability to perform or participate in activities or tasks related to one’s self, the home, work, recreation, or the community in a manner or to the extent that the individual or community as a whole perceive as normal

Question 11

Ther-ex

Answer 11

• designed by pts is individualized to the unique needs of each pt/client and designed to achieve optimal function
• pt- individual with impairments and functional limitations diagnosed by a PT and receiving PT care to improve function and prevent disability
• client- individual w/o diagnosed dysfunction who engages in PT services to promote health and wellness and to prevent dysfunction

Question 12

Function

Answer 12

• Muscle performance
• cardiopulmonary endurance
• mobility/ flexibility
• neuromuscular control/ coordination
• stability
• balance/ postural equilibrium

Question 13

Balance

Answer 13

ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body (center of mass) within the available base of support without falling; the ability to move the body in equilibrium with gravity through interaction of the sensory and motor systems

Question 14

Cardiopulmonary fitness

Answer 14

Ability to perform low-intensity, repetitive, total body movements over an extended period of time

Question 15

coordination

Answer 15

correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing and combined with the appropriate intensity if muscular contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding, and grading of movement

Question 16

flexibility

Answer 16

ability to move freely, w/o restriction, used interchangeably with mobility

Question 17

mobility

Answer 17

ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurrence of ROM for functional activities

Question 18

Muscle performance

Answer 18

capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work; encompasses strength, power, and muscular endurance

Question 19

Neuromuscular control

Answer 19

interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables synergists, agonists, and antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information and sucsequently to won in correct sequence to create coordinated movement

Question 20

Posture control

Answer 20

postural stability or equilibrium, used interchangeably with static or dynamic balance

Question 21

Stability

Answer 21

ability of the neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold a proximal or distal segment in a stationary position or to control a stable base during superimposed movement

Question 22

Joint stability

Answer 22

maintenance of proper alignment of bony partners of a joint by means of passive and dynamic component

Question 23

For effective exercise instruction

Answer 23

• select a non-distracting environment
• demonstrate proper performance then have a patient repeat
• use clear, concise verbal and written directions
• use illustrations on home program
• provide specific feedback
• teach program in small increments to allow time to learn over several visits

Question 24

Fostering adherence

Answer 24

• explain the rationale and importance of each exercise/ functional activity
• tell pt how specific exercises are designed to meet specific goals
• allow input from the patient
• keep the program as brief as possible
• id functional ways to incorporate exercises into everyday tasks
• point our progress that pt has made