Foundations Flashcards
Definitions: therapeutic
Therapeutic: 1. pertinent to results obtained from treatment 2. have medicinal or healing properties 3. a healing agent
Exercise
an activity performed to maintain, restore, or increase normal capacity. Physical exercise involves activities that maintain or increase muscle tone and strength especially to improve physical fitness or to manage a handicap or disability
Therapeutic exercise
scientific application of physical activity as an intervention for improving function, general health, and sense of well-being in patients 2. preventing complications and further functional loss 3. or improving or maintaining functional performance in healthy clients.
interventions may include techniques to improve motion, strength, motor control, muscle and cardiopulmonary endurance, and efficiency, posture, balance, and coordination.
Therapeutic exercise is:
the systematic performance or execution of planned physical movements, postures, or activities intended to enable the patient/client to 1. remediate or prevent impairments 2. enhance function 3. reduce risk 4. optimize overall health and 5. enhance fitness and well-being
Pt management model
- examination
- evaluation
- diagnosis
- prognosis
- intervention
- outcome
intervention
- therapeutic exercise falls under this category
- 9 types of procedural interventions that are commonly selected by PT
- these 9 form the core of most PT plans of care
clinical considerations for choosing ther-ex
- pathology
- impairments
- functional limitations
- disability
- risk reduction
- health, wellness, and fitness needs
impairments
- consequences of pathological conditions
- signs and symptoms that reflect abnormalities at the body system, organ, or tissue level
- PTs generally address impairments that affect the musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular/pulmonary, or integumentary systems
Functional limitations
- occur at the level of the whole person
- result of impairments
- characterized by reduced ability of a person to perform actions or components of motor skills in an efficient or typically expected manner
- Ex. decreased ROM of shoulder may lead to inability to reach overhead while trying to brush hair
Disability
inability to perform or participate in activities or tasks related to one’s self, the home, work, recreation, or the community in a manner or to the extent that the individual or community as a whole perceive as normal
Ther-ex
- designed by pts is individualized to the unique needs of each pt/client and designed to achieve optimal function
- pt- individual with impairments and functional limitations diagnosed by a PT and receiving PT care to improve function and prevent disability
- client- individual w/o diagnosed dysfunction who engages in PT services to promote health and wellness and to prevent dysfunction
Function
- Muscle performance
- cardiopulmonary endurance
- mobility/ flexibility
- neuromuscular control/ coordination
- stability
- balance/ postural equilibrium
Balance
ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body (center of mass) within the available base of support without falling; the ability to move the body in equilibrium with gravity through interaction of the sensory and motor systems
Cardiopulmonary fitness
Ability to perform low-intensity, repetitive, total body movements over an extended period of time
coordination
correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing and combined with the appropriate intensity if muscular contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding, and grading of movement
flexibility
ability to move freely, w/o restriction, used interchangeably with mobility
mobility
ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurrence of ROM for functional activities
Muscle performance
capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work; encompasses strength, power, and muscular endurance
Neuromuscular control
interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables synergists, agonists, and antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information and sucsequently to won in correct sequence to create coordinated movement
Posture control
postural stability or equilibrium, used interchangeably with static or dynamic balance
Stability
ability of the neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold a proximal or distal segment in a stationary position or to control a stable base during superimposed movement
Joint stability
maintenance of proper alignment of bony partners of a joint by means of passive and dynamic component
For effective exercise instruction
- select a non-distracting environment
- demonstrate proper performance then have a patient repeat
- use clear, concise verbal and written directions
- use illustrations on home program
- provide specific feedback
- teach program in small increments to allow time to learn over several visits
Fostering adherence
- explain the rationale and importance of each exercise/ functional activity
- tell pt how specific exercises are designed to meet specific goals
- allow input from the patient
- keep the program as brief as possible
- id functional ways to incorporate exercises into everyday tasks
- point our progress that pt has made
