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The Linux Operating System > Foundational Utilities > Flashcards

Foundational Utilities Flashcards

1
Q

ls

A

List files in the working directory

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2
Q

cd

A

Change directory

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3
Q

Ping

A

Sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to the target host and wait for an echo reply.

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4
Q

nano

A

Minimalist text editor pre-installed on numerous Linux distributions.

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5
Q

chmod

A

“Change mode.” Changes the permissions of a file or directory.

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6
Q

rm

A

Remove file

(rm -r can remove directories)

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7
Q

traceroute

A

Network utility that allows you to trace the path that packets take from a source to a destination, showing each hop (router) along the way. Feature rich - can use tcp, udp, icmp. Requires root for advanced functionality.

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8
Q

tracepath

A

network utility that allows you to trace the path that packets take from a source to a destination, showing each hop (router) along the way. Simplistic and udp only. Does not require root.

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9
Q

rmdir

A

removes empty directories

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10
Q

sed

A

Stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline).

Commonly used for “find and replace” operations.

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11
Q

ssh

A

Openssh remote login client.

A program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. It is intended to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections, arbitrary TCP ports and UNIX-domain sockets can also be forwarded over the secure channel.

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12
Q

apt

A

provides a high-level commandline interface for the package management system.

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13
Q

apt-get

A

Apt package handling utility

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14
Q

apt-cache

A

Query the apt cache.

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15
Q

man

A

Display manual pages

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16
Q

sudo

A

“super user do”

Run single commands as root or another user.

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17
Q

su

A

“switch user”

It allows you to switch to another user account without logging out of the current session. Using this command without specifying a username, it defaults to the root user, which is the system administrator account with full privileges.

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18
Q

find

A

search for files in a directory hierarchy

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19
Q

grep

A

print lines that match patterns in a file

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20
Q

pwd

A

Print working directory

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21
Q

cp

A

Copy files and directories

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22
Q

telnet

A

Interface for a protocol used to establish an insecure remote connection with another device or server. It enables you to manage a remote machine using the command line, similar to SSH but without the encryption SSH provides.

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23
Q

mv

A

Utility used to move files and folders. It is also used for renaming files and folders.

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24
Q

Ifconfig

A

configure a network interface

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25
calc
Calculator
26
ftp
Client for file transfer protocol
27
sftp
OpenSSH secure file transfer
28
xargs
build and execute command lines from standard input
29
echo
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output (display a line of text)
30
cat
concatenate files and print on the standard output
31
chgrp
change group ownership
32
chown
change owner and group of a file or directory
33
date
print or set the system date and time
34
dd
convert and copy a file
35
df
report file system disk space usage
36
ln
make links between files
37
mknod
create device special files
38
mktemp
create a temporary file or directory
39
sync
synchronize data on disk with memory
40
touch
change file timestamps
41
uname
print system information
42
uptime
tell how long the system has been running
43
arch
print machine hardware name (similar to uname -m)
44
who
print who is logged on
45
whoami
Print effective user id
46
wc
print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
47
time
A simple command to give resource usage
48
sleep
Delay for a specified amount of time
49
shred
overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it
50
md5sum
calculate and check MD5 message digest
51
logname
print current login name
52
kill
send a signal to kill a process
53
stat
display file or system status
54
sum
display file checksum and block counts
55
tty
Print filename of terminal in standard input
56
id
print real and effective user and group IDs
57
du
Estimates the amount of disk space used by files and directories.
58
ps
report a snapshot of the current processes.
59
tree
list contents of directories in a tree- like format.
60
clear
Clear the terminal screen
61
exit
Logout and close the terminal
62
logout
Log out of terminal
63
shutdown
Shutdown computer
64
Reboot
Reboot computer
65
history
history of commands entered into the terminal
66
pgrep, pkill, wait
look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
67
netstat
Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships
68
unzip
list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
69
zip
package and compress (archive) files
70
Curl
Transfer a url
71
passwd
change password
72
diff
Compare files line by line
73
sort
Sort Lines of text files
74
Finger
User information lookup program
75
whatis
Query manual page databases
76
top
Processes that are taking up the most memory
77
htop
Processes that are taking up the most memory, colorized
78
free
Display amount of free and used memory in the system
79
awk
powerful text processing tool in Unix and Linux environments, known for its ability to filter, manipulate, and transform text data. It is named after its three creators: Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan.
80
neofetch
Fetch colorized system info with OS logo display
81
ss
Modernized netstat
82
iptables
a user-space utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the IP packet filter rules of the Linux kernel firewall, implemented as different Netfilter modules.
83
ufw
Modernized iptables with simplified syntax
84
less
cat a file but one page at a time
85
Head
Cat beginning of a file
86
Tail
Cat end of a file
87
cmp
Compare two files and see if they are different
88
adduser
Create new user on the system, with advanced functionality
89
useradd
Create new user on system, simplified functionality
90
uniq
report or omit repeated lines
91
Killall
Kill processes by name
92
jobs
Display status of jobs
93
fg
Move job to the foreground
94
Bg
Move job to background
95
tar
an archiving utility, named after old archive technology "tape archive"
96
alias
define or display aliases
97
Cal
Display a calendar, or some part of it. Without any arguments, display the current month.
98
env
Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
99
printenv
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s). If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all. (Prints the local variables set in a session)
100
type
A command can be one of those 4 types: an executable a shell built-in program a shell function an alias The type command can help figure this out, in case we want to know or we're just curious. It will tell you how the command will be interpreted.
101
nohup
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
102
crontab
maintains crontab files for individual users
103
export
export variables to child processes.
104
tmux
terminal multiplexer
105
xz
xz is a general-purpose data compression tool with command line syntax similar to gzip(1) and bzip2(1). The native file format is the .xz format
106
gzip
reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and modification times.
107
bat
A cat clone with syntax highlighting and Git integration.

The Linux Operating System (3 decks)

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