Foundational Theories in Psychology

Question 1

William Wundt

Answer 1

Structuralism and introspection

Question 2

introspection

Answer 2

objectively examing one’s own mental processes

Question 3

structuralism

Answer 3

the idea that the mind has basic structures

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

Functualism

Question 5

Functualism

Answer 5

understanding WHY the brain does what it does

Question 6

Jean Piaget

Answer 6

Stages of development, schemas and constructivism

Question 7

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 7

sensorimotor (birth - 2 years), preoperational (2-7 years), concrete operationsal (7-12 years) and formal operational (12 years onward).

Question 8

Schemas

Answer 8

mental structures that organise and interpret information

Question 9

constructivism

Answer 9

people construct knowledge through expereinces

Question 10

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 10

social development, scaffolding and zone of proximial development

Question 11

zone of proximal development

Answer 11

difference between what a learner can do with help, and without help

Question 12

scaffolding

Answer 12

supporting activies

Question 13

social interation theory

Answer 13

fundamental for cognitive development