Foundational Skills

Question 1

Alphabetic principal

Answer 1

The understanding that words are made up of letters and letters represent sound. The very principal of reading and writing.

Question 2

Phonemes

Answer 2

One of the units of sound that distinguish one word from another in language.
Eg. Kill- kiss /ll/ changed to /ss/ to change meaning

Question 3

Onsets and rimes

Answer 3

Onset: initial consonant or constant cluster of the word
Rime: the vowel and consonants that follow.

In cat: c- onset, at- rime

Question 4

Pronunciation

Answer 4

The way in which a word is pronounced

Question 5

Phonemic awareness

Answer 5

Subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes

Question 6

Blending, Segmenting, substituting, and deleting

Answer 6

Blending: putting the sounds together
Segmenting: breaking the word into individual sounds
Substituting: replacing a phoneme with another to make new words
Deleting: taking phonemes out in order to make new words

Question 7

Phonics

Answer 7

Method of teaching someone to read based on correlating sounds with symbols in alphabetic writing systems

Question 8

Syllabication

Answer 8

The division of words into syllables, either in speech or in writing.
(Syllabication rules in note book)

Question 9

Syllabic analysis

Answer 9

The process of dividing words into pronounceable units that contain vowel-like sounds

Question 10

Compound words

Answer 10

Two words joined together, either with a hyphen or no space.

Question 11

Letter-sound correspondence

Answer 11

The relationship between the oral sound/name of a letter and its visual representation.

Question 12

Decode

Answer 12

The ability to make sense of printed words

Question 13

Concepts about print

Answer 13

• left to right reading and top to bottom
• letters and words on vey a message
• print is what we read
• moving from one line to the following line
• illustrations and there relation to the words
• Contents of book: front, back, author etc.

Question 14

Literacy acquisition

Answer 14

The process by which we learn to speak, write, or even use sign language to communicate.

Question 15

Stages of aquisition

Answer 15

1. The Pre-linguistic Period (Birth-10months) - cooing, baaing…
2. The Holophrastic Period (12 months -18 months) - single word phrases and increased vocabulary
3. The Telegraphic Period (2 years - 3 years) - acquiring rules of syntax and semantics
4. The Complex Period (3 years - 5 years) - starts using functional words, complete sentences/paragraphs

Question 16

Social interaction in regards to supporting emergent readers

Answer 16

Imagining, interacting and conversing to build reading confidence

Question 17

Schema in regards to prior knowledge

Answer 17

Schema: a representation of a plan or theory in the form of outline or model.
Regarding prior knowledge, it involves building upon a given outline for children’s learning that is built upon pre existing understanding
Prior knowledge provides a schema (framework or structure) that helps thinking.

Question 18

Fluency, rate, accuracy and prosody

Answer 18

Fluency: the ability to read a text accurately, quickly and with expression
Rate: refers to amount of words read correctly in a set timeframe (words per minute)
Accuracy: words being read correctly
Prosody: use of pitch, stress and timing to convey meaning

Question 19

List of experiences that support emergent readers

Answer 19

Direct instruction, social interaction, shared readings, repeated readings, reader response, word walls, text innovation (rewrites), shared writing.

(Know what each one is)

Question 20

Stages of early orthographic development

Answer 20

Drawing pictures, scribble writing, letter-sound correspondence in word writing.

(Know what these look like and why)