Foundational Knowledge and Basic Science Flashcards
What are the five stages of grief defined by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
What is the main characteristic of the Denial stage in grief?
The grieving person cannot or will not believe that the loss is happening or has happened.
During which stage of grief might a person express hostility towards others?
Anger
What thought process reflects the Bargaining stage of grief?
Yes, me, but…
What feelings are commonly associated with the Depression stage of grief?
Sadness, loneliness, helplessness
What does the Acceptance stage of grief involve?
Coming to terms with the loss and making plans for moving on with life.
What is the foundational model of the U.S. health care system?
Fee for Service
What are the four goals of value-based care summarized in the Quadruple Aim?
- Improved patient outcomes
- Improved patient satisfaction
- Lower cost
- Health care professional well-being
What is Managed Care?
An umbrella term for plans that provide health care in return for preset scheduled payments and coordinated care through a defined network of providers and hospitals.
What is Capitation in health care payment models?
Patients are assigned a per-member, per-month payment based on various factors.
What is the main characteristic of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)?
They contract with a medical center or group of providers to provide preventive and acute care.
True or False: PPO plans require referrals to specialists.
False
What are the six primary nutrients?
- Water
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Fat
- Minerals
- Vitamins
Fill in the blank: Nutrients are essential food substances needed for _______.
energy and cellular activities
What is the significance of dietary guidelines for 2020 to 2025?
They emphasize personalized nutrition based on life stage rather than generalized recommendations.
What type of fats are considered healthier: saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
What is the effect of trans fats on cholesterol levels?
They raise LDL (‘bad’) cholesterol levels.
What is the caloric value of each gram of fat?
Nine calories
What can too little fat in the diet cause?
Vitamin deficiencies, fatigue, and dry skin.
What role do fats play in the body?
They assist with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and provide structure for cell membranes.
Fill in the blank: The body cannot produce some nutrients, making them _______.
essential
