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Government > Foundational Documents > Flashcards

Foundational Documents Flashcards

AP Government required documents

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards American Government 101 flashcards
1
Q

Articles of Confederation

A
  • First governmental document of the 13 colonies
  • Flawed: weak congress (no power to prevent tyranny -> no System of Checks and Balances), difficult to pass laws (9/13 vote), no executive or judiciary branch, no power to tax citizens, no power to raise an army
  • Unicameral Legislature
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2
Q

Declaration of Independence

A
  • Document justifying the 13 colonies break from Great Britain
  • Natural rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (including property)
  • Government’s job to protect citizens
  • Consent of the Governed, Popular Sovereignty, Social Contract Theory, Limited Government
  • Philosopher’s ideals (John Locke)
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3
Q

Constitution

A
  • Outlined the American government to be a Federalist republic
  • Three branches of government
  • Extradition Clause, privileges and immunities, full faith and credit Clause
  • Amendable
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4
Q

Article I

A

Legislative Branch

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5
Q

Article II

A

Executive Branch

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6
Q

Article III

A

Judicial Branch

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7
Q

Article IV

A

Relationships Between the States

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8
Q

Article V

A

Amending the Constitution

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9
Q

Article VI

A

Supreme Law

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10
Q

Article VII

A

Ratification

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11
Q

Amendment 1

A
  • Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
  • Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause
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12
Q

Amendment 2

A

Right to Bear Arms

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13
Q

Amendment 3

A

Quartering Soldiers

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14
Q

Amendment 4

A

Searches and Seizures

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15
Q

Amendment 5

A

Rights of Persons

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16
Q

Amendment 6

A

Rights in Criminal Prosecutions

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17
Q

Amendment 7

A

Civil Trial Rights

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18
Q

Amendment 8

A

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

19
Q

Amendment 9

A

Unenumerated Rights

20
Q

Amendment 10

A
  • Rights Reserved to the States and the People
  • Rights not given to the federal government are given to the states
21
Q

Amendment 11

A

Suits Against States

22
Q

Amendment 12

A

Election of President

23
Q

Amendment 13

A

Abolition of Slavery

24
Q

Amendment 14

A

Equal Protection and Other Rights
- Equal Protection Clause
- Due Process Clause

The Due Process Clause is also declared in the 5th Amendment

25
Q

Amendment 15

A

Right of Citizens to Vote regardless of race

26
Q

Amendment 16

A

Income Tax

27
Q

Amendment 17

A

Popular Election of Senators

28
Q

Amendment 18

A

Prohibition of Liquor

29
Q

Amendment 19

A

Women’s Suffrage

30
Q

Amendment 20

A

Presidential Term and Succession

31
Q

Amendment 21

A

Repeal of Prohibition

32
Q

Amendment 22

A

Presidential Term Limits

33
Q

Amendment 23

A

District of Columbia Electors

34
Q

Amendment 24

A

Abolition of Poll Tax

35
Q

Amendment 25

A

Presidential Vacancy

36
Q

Amendment 26

A

Reduction of Voting Age

37
Q

Amendment 27

A

Congressional Compensation

38
Q

Brutus I

A
  • Argued against a constitution favoring a strong central government
  • Against Necessary and Proper Clause (too much congressional power), Supremacy Clause (diminished state power), and having a Standing Army (destroyed liberty)
  • What power you give up must be taken back by force
  • Thought that the country was too large to be mainly run by a singular government
39
Q

Federalist 10

A
  • Factions are inevitable, cannot be destroyed so we must manage them
  • Pluralism: Factions competing for influence leads to only the best ideas being enacted
  • Prevents tyranny of the majority
  • Views of the people are refined and enlarged by their elected representative
40
Q

Federalist 51

A
  • Power divided between the three branches and between national and state governments
  • A System of Checks and Balances
  • This method prevented one body having too much power
41
Q

Federalist 70

A
  • Single energetic executive: acts quickly and decisively and is easily accountable for their actions
  • Argued against plural executives due to possible confusion, disagreement, and inability to act decisively
42
Q

Federalist 78

A

Judiciary Life tenure ensures that justices are qualified and efficient
- Judicial Review

43
Q

Letter From Birmingham Jail

A
  • Justice delayed is justice denied
  • Utilized non-violent direct action to call for legislative efforts
  • 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Government (2 decks)

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