Foundational Concepts Flashcards
What does orthosis in greek mean?
Straight, upright, or correct.
What is the international standards organization (ISO) definition for orthotics?
An externally applied device used to modify the structural or functional characteristics of NM system.
True/False:
Orthoses may have static or dynamic properties.
Dats da truth
What is the definition of a splint?
A temporary device; only static properties
What is the definition of an Orthotist?
Trained individual who fabricates orthoses
What is a CO and a CPO?
CO- certified orthotist; CPO- certified orthotist prosthetist
What are the the 6 parallel interventions that play into someones functional need?
1) reduce impairment
2) build compensatory skill
3) use assistive technology
4) Change the task
5) change the task expectations
6) use person assistance
The system model says…
All systems interact to give a particular motor output.
Where do AFOs have the most sensory/sensation change?
The plantar surface
What do AFOs improve?
proprioception and joint alignment
What is the main goal of orthotics?
improve function
What are the 5 ways orthotics improve function?
1) Immobilize and protect weak, painful or healing MS segments.
2) Relief of pain by limiting ROM or weight bearing
3) Reduction of axial load
4) Prevent or correct deformity
5) Enhance motor control function
What is an example of of an orthosis?
Air cast
What type of orthosis limits ROM and weight bearing?
Walking boot or foot orthotic placed in shoe
What type of orthosis limits axial load?
HALO orthoses after a traumatic injury
What type of orthosis prevents or corrects deformity?
Milwaukee brace for scoliosis
What type of orthosis enhances motor control function?
Dorsiflexion assister
What does RGO stand for?
reciprocating gait orthosis; this orthosis enhances reciprocal motion
True/False:
W/O a snug fit of the orthosis the pt may have malalignment of the body which may lead to skin break down.
Truth
Does leverage change force output?
Yessss
What are the 4 forces to consider?
1) Tension and compression
2) Shear
3) Torsion
4) Ground reaction force
What pressure system is used to control force if there is bending force?
3 point pressure system
What does the 3 point pressure system involve?
A proximal and distal force on one side and a counterbalancing force on the opposite side.
If the primary force is on the anterior side of the ankle, which way is the force directed?
posterior and inferior
If the primary force is on the anterior side of the ankle, where does the counterbalancing forces come from and are directed?
the 2 counterbalancing forces come from the posterior side
- one force is superior and directed anteriorly
- the other is inferior and directed superiorly at the met heads.
- if the primary force is flipped and comes from the posterior side so does the secondary forces.
How are shear forces applied?
parallel to the surface
True/False:
Shear forces can occur between different materials/tissues.
True
True/False:
Torsion is a twisting force around an axis
True
True/False:
Controlling of torsion is difficult
True
True/False:
The longer the orthosis the greater the leverage.
True
True/False:
As the length of the lever arm increases from the axis, the amount of force necessary to maintain the position decreases.
True
Flexible deformity means
The alignment of the part can be corrected to a neutral or optimal position.
Rigid deformity means
neutral alignment is NOT possible
What does interim use mean?
the orthosis is only used for a short time.
What does definitive use mean?
the orthosis is used permanently.
What does dynamic use of an orthotic mean?
The device mechanically facilitates active movement.
What does static use of an orthotic mean?
The device does not facilitate movement it is used for positioning
True/False:
Custom or stock devices do not translate into interim or definitive use
true
Do bars go horizontal or vertical on the orthosis?
bars go vertical
Do bands go horizontal or vertical on the orthosis?
bands go horizontal
True/False:
In order to be called a bar or a band the device has to be rigid or semirigid.
True
True/False:
No bars/No bands = Flexible
True
True/False:
In order to control motion there needs to be bars and bands and it has to be rigid material.
True
True/False:
Semirigid has bars but no bands
True
True/False:
The device is named for the joint and for the motions that it controls.
True
Where on the disablement model does the orthosis effect and what level is the device trying change?
effects= impairments in body structure and function changes= functional limitations and activity limitations
Where are the other 2 areas of considerations when prescribing an orthosis to a patient?
Cognition and social support
What is a negative mold?
It is the shell or cast of a limb.
What is a positive mold?
Is the plaster mold of the limb used to make the orthosis.
