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Russia history ocr a > Foundation test > Flashcards

Foundation test Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the Russian population lived in towns or cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants in 1855?

A

1.6

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2
Q

Five out of six Russians in 1855 were what sort of peasant?

A

Serf

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3
Q

Well over —- different languages were spoken within the Russian Empire

A

100

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4
Q

What happened to the population in terms of size between 1815 and 1914?

A

It quadrupled

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5
Q

The Russian Empire in 1855 was smaller than Russia today

A

False

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6
Q

To the west of which mountain range contains the area with the most fertile land and population density as well as the most important cities of Moscow and St Petersburg

A

The urals

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7
Q

Give two examples of significant issues regarding Russia’s climate

A

Extremes of temperature

Very dry in places

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8
Q

How long does it take today to go by place from Moscow in the west of Russia to the Port of Vladivostok on the east coast

A

8 hours

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9
Q

Russia’s industrial economy lagged behind those of Western Europe and America in the 19th century

A

True

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10
Q

The landed gentry had maximised the use of new 19th century farming techniques and Russian agriculture was some of the most advanced in the world

A

False

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11
Q

What is an autocracy

A

Rule by one person

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12
Q

What was the name of the last Russian Royal dynasty

A

Romanov

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13
Q

Which Tsar took Russia into the disastrous Crimean war in 1853?

A

Nicholas I

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14
Q

Which Tsar signed a humiliating peace treaty to end the ward in 1856

A

Alexander ii

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15
Q

Defeat in the Crimean war revealed an urgent need for —— in all aspects of economy, society and politics

A

Modernisation

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16
Q

Why was Alexander ii known as the great tsar liberator

A

The liberation of the serfs

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17
Q

Does he fully deserve this title

A

No

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18
Q

Why/why not

A

He was ultimately committed to autocracy and was engaging in limited liberal reform to avoid potential unrest and protect the Romanov dynasty

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19
Q

Who became tsar in 1881

A

Alexander iii

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20
Q

The son of Alexander ii was keen to enact more liberal reforms in order to appease the sort of organisation that had assassinated his father

A

False

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21
Q

How old was tsar Nicholas ii when he came to the throne

A

26

22
Q

Nicholas was often more influenced by his dedication to the Russian —— church than the sensible advice of experts

A

Orthodox

23
Q

Nicholas took Russia into another humiliating conflict in an attempt to boost russias influence in the pacific region.

This is known as the Russo—— war

A

Japanese

24
Q

The impact of the above war saw a drop in living standards and damaged the reputation of tsar Nicholas further causing what is known as the ‘1905 revolution’

Why is it a good idea to put this in commas

A

It was not one singular organised uprising, rather, disorganised unrest by various groups across Russia

Ie. A wave of mass political social unrest

25
Q

Give two examples of unrest in 1905

A

Bloody Sunday + reaction to Bloody Sunday

Peasant unrest

26
Q

What was Nicholas forced to promise in order to quell opposition in 1905

A

Issue the October manifesto promising a constitutional monarchy ie a duma (parliament)

This was the promise of legislation, no the actual legislation

27
Q

Did he fully honour this promise when he presented the finalised changes to the political system in the form of the fundamental laws of 1906

A

No

28
Q

Which war started in 1914

A

Ww1

29
Q

What prompted Alexandria and Nicholas to fall under the spell of Rasputin

A

He seemed to be able to rest their sons haemophilia (blood disorder)

30
Q

Why is it most likely that it was people that wanted the survival of the Romanov dynasty that killed Rasputin

A

He was seriously damaging the reputation of the tsar and tsarina, but they refused to listen to those around them

31
Q

Which bad decision made by Nicholas in 1915 tied his reputation and prestige to the course of ww1

A

He took full control of the armed forces and went to the front (leaving tsarina in the capitol with Rasputin)

32
Q

What did tsar Nicholas have to do in February 1917

A

Abdicate

33
Q

Why was the provisional government called the provisional government

A

As they were never meant to be permanent

They were supposed to be running Russia until proper democratic elections for a constitution assembly could be held

34
Q

What sort of government briefly seemed possible

A

Democracy / liberal democracy

35
Q

Which other organisation competed with the provisional government as part of a bizarre dual power arrangement

A

The Petrograd soviet

36
Q

As further setbacks in ww1 put even more pressure on the provisional government to maintain control, why did kerensky let lots of bolsheviks out of prison and give them weapons

A

Because he thought a military coup was about to happen and needed to organise the defence of Petrograd (st Petersburg) against a section of the Russian army (the kornilov affair)

37
Q

Fill in the gaps for two of Lenin’s most significant slogans

A

Bread, peace and land

All power to the soviets

38
Q

Which of these phrases best describes the October revolution

A

A coup by a group of middle-class intellectuals on behalf of the urban proletariat

39
Q

Which conflict emerged after the October revolution

A

The civil war

40
Q

How many different armies were involved

A

4+

41
Q

Which Bolshevik leader was in charge of the victorious red army

A

Trotsky

42
Q

Which of the following statements about the casualties in the civil war is most accurate

A

There were an estimated 7m-12m casualties during the war, mostly civilians

43
Q

After a series of strokes, which year did Lenin die

A

1924

44
Q

It was clear who the successor to Lennon should be

A

False

45
Q

Name two specific groups to be targeted during stalins purges in the 1930s

A

Sections of his own party

Political opponents, real and imagined

Certain national minorities

46
Q

Did WW2 ultimately strengthen or weaken stalins cult status

A

Strengthened

47
Q

What year did Stalin die

A

1953

48
Q

Khrushchev presided over the escalation of which war

A

Cold war

49
Q

Which year was he forced from power

A

1964

50
Q

Which vegetable/cereal became khrushchev’s obsession

A

Corn/sweetcorn/maize

Russia history ocr a (1 decks)

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