Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Book > Foundation of College Chemistry > Flashcards

Foundation of College Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q
  • How can you made an hypothesis?
  • Why scientist porform an experiment?
A 
# * Define the problem. Propose possible solution.
    * Science refers to this as making an hypothesis.
  • Decide which way to proceed or solve the problem.
    • Scientists perform an experiment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • What is Chemistry?
  • What is Biochemistry?
  • What is Biochemistry used for?
A
  • Chemistry is the schience dealing with the composition that matter undergoes. Chemistry is also cocerned with energy changes of matter.
  • When the “matter” involved is from a living organism we have Biochemistry.
  • Moder medicine is based up on Biochemistry.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • How can you understand this Biochemistry?
A
  • Inside a drop of lake water we find water molecules, disloved substances and algae cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • What is the difference between observation and analysis?
A
  • A clearless liquid is combined with a second clear colorless luquid and the mixture is observed. Which of these is not an obeservation?
    • The test tube became hot.
    • The reaction is exothermic.
    • The mixture is cloudy.
    • The mixture is white.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • What is Law?
  • What is Theory?
  • What is the difference between Theory and Hypothesis?
A
  • Law : Statements of natural phenomena to which there are no know exceptions.
  • Hypothesis : A tentative explanation of the facts that can be tested further.
  • Theory : Well - tested hypothesis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • What is difference between Hypothesis with Law?
A
  • Which of these is a law?
    • Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • All matter is composed of atoms.
    • Atoms can form chemical bonds by sharing electrons.
    • The volume of a gas increase with increasing temperature.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • What is the difference between Observation with Law?
A
  • The statement, “An atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons”, is an example of
    • a Theory
    • a Law
    • an Hypothesis
    • an Observation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • What is the characteristics of matter?
A
  • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
  • Matter is composed of discrete, tiny, fundamental particles called atoms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • What is the common characteristics between Gas with Liquid?
  • What is the differences between Solid with Gas and Liquid?
A
  • Gas
    • Total disorder ; Much empty space ; Particles have complete freedom of motion ; Particles far apart.
  • Liquid
    • Disorder ; Particles of clusters of particles are free to move relative to each other ; Particles close together.
  • Solid ( Crystalline Solid )
    • Ordered arrangement ; Particles essentially in fixed position ; Particles close together.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • What is the main three chracteristics of Crystalline solid?
  • What is the main characteristics of Amorphous solid?
  • What is the common things solid with Liquid?
  • Which form of water has molecules that are held together tightly by very strong intermolecular forces?
A
  • Crystalline solid have regular, repeating three dimensional patterns. Definite shape. Definite volume.
  • Essentially incompressible.
  • Particles are tightly packed together.
  • Particles are held together by very strong forces of attraction.
  • Crystalline Solid
    • Crystalline solid exist in regular, repeating, three dimensional geometric patters.
  • Amorphous Solid
    • Amorphous solid do not have any regular, internal geometric pattern.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • What is the common things Liquid with gases?
  • Which form of has a definite volume, but no definite shape?
A
  • Indefinite shape. Compressible. Particles are mobile, able to move around each other.
  • Liquid
  • Liquids Characteristic
    • Indefinite shape
    • Definite volume
    • Only slightly compressible
    • Particles are mobile, able to move around each other.
    • Particles are heldtogether by strong forces of attraction.
  • Gases Characteristic
    • Indefinite shape
    • Indefinite volume
    • Compressible
    • Particles are far apart and small compared to the volume they occupy.
    • The attractive forces are so weak that the particles are independant of each other.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Can solution be a homogeneous matter?
  • What is the difference between homogeneous matter with heterogeneous?
A
  • yes.
    • A mixtures has composition that can have varied.
      • Solutions are mixtures
  • Homogeneous matter is uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout.
    • Pure substance - water
    • Homogeneous mixture - sugar and water solution
  • Heterogeneous matter consist of two or more physically distinct phases. A phase is a homogeneous part of a system seperated from other parts by physical boundaries.
    • Pure substance - liquid and gaseous bromine , iced water
    • Mixture - Iced tea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Distinguishing mixtures from pure substances
    • Mixtures can be seperated by physical means.
      • When iron and sulfur exist as pure substances, only the iron is attracted to a magnet.
      • A mixture of Fe and S can be seperated by using the difference in magnetic attraction.
A
  • Distinguishing mixtures from pure substances
    • A clear, colorless liquid is heat in a beaker untill all of the liquid is gone. The walls of the beaker are coated with a white crystalline solid. The liquid was :
      • [element / compound / homogeneous / heterogeneous]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Can you break down an element by chemical means to simpler substances?
A
  • No
    • An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means to simpler substances.
    • There are 118 known elements.
    • All but 4 of the first 92 elements occur in nature.
    • All elements beyond 92 except for platonium(94) are man made.
    • An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can exist.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • What is the most abundant element in the earth crust, oceans, and atmosphere?
  • What is the most abundant element in the human body?
A
  • Oxygen
    • Oxygen(49.2%) / Carbon(25.7%) / Aluminum(7.5%) / Iron(4.7%) / Calcium(3.4%) / Sodium(2.6%) / Potassium(2.4%)
  • ​Oxygen
    • Oxygen(65%) / Carbon(18%) / Hydrogen(10%) / Nitrogen(3%) / Calcium(1.4%) / Phosphorus(1%) / Magnesium(0.5%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • How the element’s name was made?
A
  • The names of the elements are derived from a variety of sources
  • Iodine comes from Greek iodes which means violet like.
  • B is math comes from the German Weisse masse, which means white mass.
  • Germanium was named for Germany, where it was discovered.
17
Q
  • What is the rules for symbols of elements?
A
  • Symbols have either one or two letter.
  • If one letter is used, it is capitalized.
  • If two letters are ussed, only the first is capitalized.
18
Q
  • What kind of element potassium is?
  • What is the basis for sorting in ascending order on the periodic table?
  • Which elements on the periodic table are halogens?
  • Which elements on the periodic table are noble gases?
A
  • Alkali Metal.
  • Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
  • The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine(Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
  • All of the elements in Group Zero are noble gases. The list includes helium, neon(Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
19
Q
  • Introduction to the periodic table
    • 1A :
    • 2A :
    • Between 2A-3A :
    • 3A :
    • 4A :
    • 5A :
    • 6A :
    • 7A :
A
  • Introduction to the periodic table
    • 1A : Alkali Metals
    • 2A : Alkaline Earth Metals
    • Between 2A-3A : Transition Metals
    • 3A : Metals and Metalloids
    • 4A : Non-Metals and Metalloids
    • 5A : Non-Metals and Metalloids
    • 6A : Non-Metals and Metalloids
    • 7A : Metalloids
20
Q
  • Classifying Elements : Metals
    • What is this?
    • What is the difference between metal with metalloid?
A
  • A solid sample of unknown element is high density and high melting point.
  • There are many difference between metal with metalloid. Metalloids have properties in between those of the metals and non-metals and are semiconductors (whereas metals are conductors and nonmetals are not conductors) and used extensively in circuitry (like computer chips).
21
Q
  • Classifying Elements : Non-Metals
    • What is this?
    • Which one is not metalloid?
      • a) Boron
      • b) Silicon
      • c) Germanium
      • d) Aluminium
A
  • A solid sample of unknown element is dull and brittle and does not conduct heat or electricity.
  • Aluminium
22
Q
  • Classifying Elements : Metalloids
    • Which of the following non-metals is not reactive?
      • Hellium / Fluorine / Oxygen / Carbon
A
  • Classifying Elements : Metalloids
    • Fluorine
  • Metalloid have properties that are intermediate between those of metals and those of non-metals.
  • Some are used to make the semiconductors we need for computer chips.
  • Elements in their natural states
    • Most elements are found as compound in nature because they are very reactive.
    • The noble metals (Gold, Silver, Platinium) are non-reactive and found as elements in nature.
    • The noble gases are the least reactive elements and are found in un-combined form.
23
Q
  • Physical states of the elements
    • Which of the following metals is not a solid at room temperature?
      • a) Iron
      • b) Alluminum
      • c) Calcium
      • d) Mercury
A
  • Mercury
  • Most are solids at room temperature
  • Some are gases
    • The noble gases
    • Nitrogen
    • Oxygen
    • Fluorine
    • Chlorine
24
Q
  • Elements that exist as diatomic molecules.
    • Which of the following is not a diatomic element?
      • a) Fluorine
      • b) Oxygen
      • c) Nitrogen
      • d) Carbon
    • What are the 7-diatomic elements?
A
  • Carbon
  • 7-diatomic elements
    • Hydrogen
    • Nitrogen
    • Oxygen
    • Fluorine
    • Chlorine
    • Bromine
    • Iodine
25
Q
  • Compounds
    • Which of following is not likely to be a molecule?
      • CaCl2
      • NH3
      • CO2
      • SF6
A

*

Book (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions