Foundation of Cloud Computing Flashcards
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources through a cloud services platform via the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.
What are virtual machines?
Virtualization lets you divide hardware resources on a single physical server into smaller units.
What is a Physical server?
The smaller units are called virtual machines (VMs).
Where is usage placed?
Your usage is placed on a meter, you pay only when you access it and only for what you use.
On-demand usage benefits?
No long-term commitments or upfront payments
Pay as you go benefits?
Pay by the hour or the second for only what you use
Six Advantages of Cloud Computing
- Trade capital expense for variable expense – Instead of having to invest heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them, you can pay only when you consume computing resources, and pay only for how much you consume.
- Benefit from massive economies of scale – By using cloud computing, you can achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own. Because usage from hundreds of thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher economies of scale, which translates into lower pay as-you-go prices.
- Stop guessing capacity – Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs. When you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often end up either sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity. With cloud computing, these problems go away. You can access as much or as little capacity as you need, and scale up and down as required with only a few minutes’ notice.
- Increase speed and agility – In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time to make those resources available to your developers from weeks to just minutes. This results in a dramatic increase in agility for the organization, since the cost and time it takes to experiment and develop is significantly lower.
- Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers – Focus on projects that differentiate your business, not the infrastructure. Cloud computing lets you focus on your own customers, rather than on the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers.
- Go global in minutes – Easily deploy your application in multiple regions around the world with just a few clicks. This means you can provide lower latency and a better experience for your customers at minimal cost.
What is Data Center?
A data center or data centre is a building, a dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.
Types of Cloud Computing Models?
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
Types Cloud Computing Deployment Models?
- Cloud
- Hybrid
- On-premises
The AWS Cloud infrastructure is built around?
AWS Regions and Availability Zones
AWS Region
Is a physical location in the world where we have multiple Availability Zones
Availability Zones
Consist of one or more discrete data centers, each with redundant power, networking, and connectivity, housed in separate facilities
Availability Zones offers
The ability to operate production applications and databases that are more highly available, fault tolerant, and scalable than would be possible from
a single data center.
AWS Cloud operates in how many Availability Zones and Regions
As of 2022, the AWS Cloud spans 87 Availability Zones within 27 geographic regions around the world
Access control list (ACL)
A firewall/security layer on the subnet level
Auto scaling
Automates the process of adding or removing EC2 instances based on traffic demand for your application
Buckets
Root-level “folders”
CloudFront
Content delivery network (CDN) that allows you to store your content at “edge locations” located all around the world, allowing customers to access your content more quickly
CloudTrail
Allows you to monitor all actions taken by IAM users
CloudWatch
Service that allows you to monitor various elements of your AWS account
Consolidated billing
Allows you to view, manage, and pay bills for multiple AWS accounts in one user interface
DNS server
A database of website domains and their corresponding IP addresses
DynamoDB
NoSQL database service that does not provide other NoSQL software options
Elastic Block Store (EBS)
Provides persistent block storage volumes for use of EC2 instances
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
A virtual computer, very similar to a desktop/laptop computer
Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)
Evenly distributes traffic between EC2 instances that are associated with it
ElastiCache
Data caching service used to help improve the speed/performance of web applications running on AWS
Elasticity
The ability of a system to increase and decrease in size
Fault tolerance
Property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of one or more components
Firewall
A type of software that either allows or blocks certain kinds of internet traffic to pass through it
Folder
Any “subfolder” created in a bucket
High availability
Refers to systems that are durable and likely to operate continuously without failure for a long time
IAM users
Individuals who have been granted access to an AWS account
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Service where AWS user accounts and their access to various AWS services are managed
Lambda
Serverless computing that will replace EC2 instances, for the most part
Object availability
Percent over a one-year time period that a file stored in S3 will be accessible
Object durability
Percent over a one-year time period that a file stored in S3 will not be lost
Object lifecycle
Set rules to automatically transfer objects between storage classes at defined time intervals
Object sharing
Ability to make any object publicly available via a URL link
Object versioning
Automatically keep multiple versions of an object (when enabled)
Organizations
Allow you or your company access to manage billing and access to multiple AWS accounts in one user interface
Principle of least privilege
Giving a user only the rights/access to the AWS services and resources they need to do their job and nothing more
Publishers
Human/alarm/event that gives SNS the message that needs to be sent
Relational Database Service (RDS)
SQL database service that provides a wide range of SQL database options to select from
RedShift
Data warehouse database service designed to handle petabytes of data for analysis
Roles
How different AWS services are granted permission to communicate and share data
Route 53
Where you configure and manage web domains for websites or applications you host on AWS
Scalability
The ability of a system to easily increase in size and capacity in a cost-effective way
Security group (SG)
Firewall/security layer on the server/instance level
Shared responsibility model
Defines what you and AWS are responsible for when it comes to security and compliance
Simple Notification Service (SNS)
AWS service that allows you to automate the sending of email or text messaging notifications based on events that happen in your AWS account
Simple Storage Service (S3)
Online bulk storage service you can access from almost any device
Storage class
Represents “classification” assigned to each object in S3 (standard, RRS, S3-IA, Glacier)
Subnet
A subsection of a network and generally includes all the computers in a specific location
Subscriptions
Endpoints to which a topic sends messages
Topics
How you label and group different endpoints to which you send messages
Trusted Advisor
Service that “advises” and helps you optimize aspects of your AWS account
User credentials
IAM user’s username and password for logging in to AWS
Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
A private subsection of AWS you control and in which you can place AWS resources
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
Secure and resizable compute capacity (virtual servers) in the cloud
Amazon EC2 Spot
Run fault-tolerant workloads for up to 90% off
Amazon EC2 Autoscaling
Automatically add or remove compute capacity to meet changes in demand
Amazon Lightsail
Easy-to-use cloud platform that offers you everything you need to build an application or website
AWS Batch
Fully managed batch processing at any scale
Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)
Highly secure, reliable, and scalable way to run containers
