Foundation: General Flashcards

1
Q

During which period was the ‘Birth of Sake’?

A

Yayoi Period

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2
Q

When did the Yayoi Period start?

A

300BC

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3
Q

During which THREE periods is ‘Temple Sake’ associated?

A
  1. Nara
  2. Heian
  3. Kamakura
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4
Q

What are the TWO names of Temple Sake?

A
  1. Sōbōshu (‘Monk Sake’ 僧坊酒)
  2. Morohaku (諸白)
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5
Q

Predominantly around where was sake made during the Nara, Heian and Kamakura periods?

A

Kyōto

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6
Q

Which THREE techniques were developed during the Sengoku Period?

A
  1. Bodai-moto
  2. Hi-ire (pasteurisation)
  3. Filtration (using wood ash)
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7
Q

What years do the Nara/Heian/Kamakura Periods span?

A

710-1333

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8
Q

When was the Sengoku Period?

A

1467-1600

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9
Q

When were distillation techniques introduced to Kyūshū?

A

Sengoku Period

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10
Q

When was the Edo Period?

A

1600-1868

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11
Q

Which TWO sake regions developed during the early Edo Period?

A
  1. Itami
  2. Ikeda
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12
Q

Which TWO sake regions developed during the late Edo Period?

A
  1. Nada-gogō
  2. Fushimi
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13
Q

What were the FOUR major developments in sake making in the Edo Period?

A
  1. Kanzukuri 寒造り (winter brewing)
  2. Sandan Jikomi 3段仕込み (3 stage sake brewing)
  3. Kimoto-zukuri
  4. Birth of Tōji Guilds
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14
Q

When was water power pioneered?

A

Edo Period

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15
Q

Where was transformed into a ‘powerhouse’ due to water power? Why (THREE reasons)?

A

Nada

  1. Development of suisha seimai 水車精米 (water-wheel milling)
  2. Discovery of miyamizu
  3. Proximity to water for shipping
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16
Q

When was the village rice system developed?

A

Meiji Period (1868-1912)

17
Q

What is the name of the ‘village rice system’ in Japanese?

A

Mura-mai seido

村米制度

18
Q

When was the Meiji Period?

A

1868 to 1912

19
Q

When did the mura-mai seido result in?

A
  • Improvement in quality of sake rice
  • ‘Pure terroir outlook’ in rice cultivation in Hyōgo’s southwest
20
Q

When were early ginjō techniques developed?

By whom?

A

During the Meiji Period, by Senzaburo Miura

21
Q

In what year was the Vertical Rice Polishing machine introduced?

A

1933

22
Q

In what year was Yamada Nishiki born?

A

1936

23
Q

When was ‘the rise of jizake’ (地酒, local craft sake)?

A

Mid 1970s

24
Q

During which decade ginjō-shu’s globalisation take place?

A

1980s

25
Q

When/where was Japan’s first GI for alcohol awarded?

For which regions and beverages?

A

30 June 1995

Okinawa for Awamori

Kumamoto for Shōchū

Nagasaki for Shōchū

26
Q

When was Nihonshu 日本酒 created as a designation?

A

25 December 2015

27
Q

Which was the first GI awarded for Nihonshu? When?

A

Yamagata GI

16 December 2016

28
Q

Roughly how many prefectures in Japan can be considered to possess a distinct terroir / sense of regionality?

A

Around one third (15-16ish)

29
Q

What are the six elements of sake regionality?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Rice
  3. Water
  4. Microbes
  5. Human Element
  6. Culture
30
Q

What contrasting viewpoints can sake regionality be viewed through?

A

Macro-regionality (whole geographical region e.g. Tōhoku, or prefecture e.g. Niigata)

Meso-regionality (a region within a larger area e.g. Nada-Gogō, Hakusan)

Micro-regionality (very narrow e.g. individual breweries)