Foundation Essentials Flashcards
Value (BUI)
Is the perceived:
- benefits
- usefulness
- importance of something.
Service Management (CVS)
Is a:
- Set of specialized organizational capabilities
- Enabling value for customers
- In the form of services.
An organization can only develop specialized services when it understands:
- The nature of the value
- The nature and scope of it’s stakeholders
- How value created is enabled thru it’s services.
Service Provider
Is the organization or individual providing the service.
A Service Provider can be internal or external.
True
i.e. Help Desk, Licensing/Selling software
Stakeholder
can be a person or organization that has an interest or involvement in:
- A organization
- Product
- Service
- Practice
- Entity
Service Relationship is a cooperation between a service provider and service customer.
True
Service Relationships include:
- Service Provision
- Service Consumption
- Service Relationship Mgmt
A Service Consumer is the person or organizations receiving the service.
True
Most organizations will act as both the service provider and service consumer during a normal service delivery process.
True
i.e. buying parts to build a service they provide to consumers.
Consumers include:
- Customers
- Users
- Sponsors
Customers defines the requirements for the service and take responsibility for the outcomes of consumption for the service.
True
Users use the service
True
Sponsors authorizes the budget for service consumption or financial support for organizational initiative.
True
An individual might act as the customer, user and sponsor. Example: A person entering a contract with a mobile provider.
True
Defining roles supports better communication, relationships and stakeholder mgmt
True
Types of stakeholder value can include:
- Service Consumer: receives benefits, optimises costs and risk.
- Service Provider: Funding or customer loyalty, reputation enhancement and business dev.
- Service Provider Employee: Job satisfaction, financial rewards, professional dev.
- Society and community: Employment, taxes, corporate social responsibility initiatives.
- Charity Orgs: Financial and Non-Financial contributions.
- Shareholders: Dividends payed out.
The services an organization provides is based on one or more products.
True
Products are created from the configuration of resources available to the organization or individual that are designed to offer value to the customer/consumer.
True
Resources include: (PPPIVTS)
- People
- Information
- Technology
- Value Streams
- Processes
- Suppliers
- Partners
A Service is a means of enabling VALUE CO-CREATION, by facilitating outcomes that customers what to achieve, w/o the burden of cost and risk mgmt.
True
Service providers must consider (WOORCU) Costs, risk, outputs, outcomes, utility and warranty when delivering something to support value co-creation.
True
A Service Provider produces outputs, which helps it’s consumer to achieve their desired outcomes.
True
An Output is an:
Tangible or intangible deliverable of an activity.
An Outcome is a:
Result for a stakeholder enabled by one or more outputs.
Value is created when a service has more positive than negative effects.
True
Example: Supported outcomes, Costs Removed, Risk Removed.
A Service Provider needs to understand the costs of service provisions to ensure compliance with budgetary constraints and supporting profitability.
True
Cost is:
The amt of money spent of a specific activity or resource.
Risk is:
A possible event that could cause harm, loss, difficult to achieve objectives, uncertainty of outcome.
It can also be used to measure the probability of positive and negative outcomes.
Service Providers manage the detail of risk on behalf of the consumer.
True
Consumers participates in risk reduction by helping define the service and what it needs to do.
True
Service Providers assess the utility and warranty of a service to confirm if it will create/provide value.
True
Utility describes what the service does. (FIT FOR PURPOSE). Fit for what is was designed to do?
True
Utility describes:
What the service does and is it FIT FOR PURPOSE.
OR
The functionality offered by a product or service to meet a particular need.
Warranty describes:
How the service performs and is it FIT FOR USE.
OR
Is the assurance that a product or service or need will meet the agreed requirements.
Warranty covers availability, capacity, security, and continuity. The service must meet the levels required by the consumer.
True
A Service can provide utility by removing constraints from the consumer or supporting their performance or both.
True
Cost, risk, utility, and warranty all validate a service’s viability.
True
A Service Offering is:
A description of one or more services, designed to address the needs of a target consumer group.
Service Offerings may include goods, access to resources or service actions.
True
Goods: Ownership is transferred to the consumer. Example: Buying a car.
True
Access To Resources: Access is granted or licensed under agreed terms and conditions. Example: Mileage on leased car.
True
Service Actions: Are performed by the provider, according to the agreement, to address a consumer need. Example: Roadside Assistance under an 1hr
True
Service providers can offer the same product in to different consumers different ways. Example: Car lease w/option to buy, short/long term leases.
True
Service providers can offer services to consumers both within and external to their organization.
True
Service Relationships are a cooperation between a service provider and service consumer.
True
Service Provisions are activities performed by an organization to provide services.
True
Service Relationship Mgmt includes
Joint activities performed by a service provider and a service consumer to ensure continual value co-creation based on agreed and available service offerings.
Service Provisions includes:
- Mgmt of resources configured to deliver services
- Access to the resources for users/Supply of goods
- Fulfilment of agreed service actions
- Service performance mgmt
- Continual improvement
Service Consumption are activities performed by an organization to consume services.
True
Service Consumption includes:
- Mgmt of consumer resources needed to use the services
- Service use actions performed by users
- Receiving/Acquiring goods
Resources > Configure Products and Services > To Create Service Offerings ( Goods/Access To Resources/Services) > Leading To A Service Relationship
True
For most organization, The Service Relationship Model (Supply and Consumption) are usually a complex network of relationships.
True
A Guiding Principle is a recommendation that guides an organization in ALL circumstances, and remains constant.
True
Using Guiding Principles allows organizations to integrate multiple ways of working and management methods within Service Management.
True
Example: Some organizations follow Waterfall vs others follow Agile and Devops.
Guiding Principles allows different ways of working to be used, while making sure appropriate outcomes are delivered.
True
Waterfall is:
A development approach that is linear and sequential with distinct objectives for each phase of development.
Agile is:
A division of tasks into short phases of work and frequent reassessment and adaptation of plans.
An umbrella term for a collection of frameworks and techniques that together enable teams and individuals to work in a way that is typified by collaboration, prioritization, iterative and incremental, delivery and timeboxing such as Scrum, Lean and Kanban.
DevOPs is an organizational culture that aims to improve the flow of value to customers.
True
DeveOps focuses on culture, automation, Lean, measurements and sharing (CALMS)
True
Guiding Principles should support and encourage continuous improvement.
True
Guiding Principles apply across the entire organization, not all principles are relevant in every situation, but need to be reviewed for appropriateness.
True
The 7 ITIL Guiding Principles are:
VS,I/WF,C/V,S/P,O/A
- Focus on Value
- Start Where You Are
- Progress Iteratively with Feedback
- Collaborate and Promote Visibility
- Think and Work Holistically
- Keep It Simple and Practical
- Optimise and Automate
GP1: Focus On Value - “Everything an organization does should be linked directly or indirectly to to value – for itself, the customers or stakeholders.”
True
Focus on Value can include:
- Understanding and identifying the service consumer.
- Understanding the consumer’s perspective of value.
- Mapping value to intended outcomes w/the expectation of possible changes.
- Understanding the customer experience (CX) and/or user experience (UX).
CX or Customer Experience
The sum of the functional and emotional interactions with a service and service provider as perceived by a service consumer.
UX or User Experience or Digital
The experience of interacting with a product or service focusing on usability and aesthetics.
Example: User Interface ease of use, graphics, content, features, etc.
Service Providers need to know:
- Why are their services being used.
- What does their services help the cus. to do. (outcomes).
- How does it help cus. to achieve their goals.
- The cost and risk to the consumer.
Service Providers need to consider:
- How the consumer uses the service.
- How to motivate org. resources to focus on value delivery.
- How to ensure quality of service in daily operations,
- How to embed value on every process improvement initiative.
GP2: Start Where You Are:
Before for making a change or improvement, assess the current position and see if anything can be reused or built upon.
True
GP2: Start where you are includes:
- Assess where you are
- Observe current services, processes and methods
- Use measurements to analyze the current services, processes and methods.
To ensure GP2, service providers must consider:
- Be objective
- Assess whether current or services can be replicated and expanded.
- Use risk mgmt skills during decision making
- Determining that sometimes nothing from the current process can be used.
GP3: Progress Iteratively w/Feedback:
When the effort is broken up into smaller and manageable sections, work can be executed and completed in a timely manner.
Feedback can help service providers understand:
- End users and customer
- The efficiency and effectiveness of the services being offered and it’s value chain.
- The effectiveness of governance and and management controls.
- Interfaces/Relationships between the org, suppliers and partners.
- Consumer demand for products and services.
- Improvement opportunities, risks and other issues.
Working Iteratively and using feedback helps service providers to be:
- More flexible
- More responsive to changing requirements
- More able to identify and respond to failures
- More focused on quality
To successfully apply the “Work iteratively w/feedback”, service providers must:
- Comprehend the whole and start small.
- Seek feedback, b/c the ecosystem is always changing.
- Go fast/efficiently and steady with iterations.
GP4: Collaborate can be viewed as working together towards a shared goal, removing silos, and working together more effectively both inside and outside an organiztion.
True
GP4: Promoting Visibility makes work more transparent and helps everyone:
- Understand the priorities.
- Balance work and process improvements.
- Understand workflows.
- Understand impediments and bottlenecks.
- Identify areas of waste: time, resources and money
GP4: Applying principle to promote visibility and collaborating means:
- Collaborate doesn’t mean consensus: everyone doesn’t have to agree, but must know why the decision was made.
- Communicating to match audience: Different messaging to different stakeholders.
- Looking for visible data to support good decisions:
GP5: Thinking and Work Holistically means:
Working in an integrated way to handle its activities as a whole, rather than separate parts, focusing on the delivery of value. Complexity of system affects how the principle is applied. Higher complexity system more challenges.
Applying the principle to “Thinking and Work Holistically” means:
- Collaboration supports holistic thinking and working
- Supporting holistic work with automation
- Identifying patterns and interactions between system elements to help identify holistic view points.
GP5: Applying the principle to “Thinking and Work Holistically” means:
- Collaboration supports holistic thinking and working
- Supporting holistic work with automation
- Identifying patterns and interactions between system elements to help identify holistic view points.
GP6: Keep it Simple and Practical means always use the minimum amt of steps to accomplish a goal.
True
GP6: Outcome-based thinking should be used to produce practical thinking should be used to produce practical solutions that deliver valuable outcomes.
True
GP6: Processes and services are designed to meet the majority of business needs, and each exception can’t be designed for, unless a business rule is created as necessary.
True
GP6: Applying this principle service providers needs to ensure:
- Ensuring value in every activity
- Simplicity can be more valuable to create than complexity.
- Doing fewer things and doing them better.
- Avoiding unnecessary work
- Simplicity supporting quick wins
- Processes that are easy to understand
GP7: Optimize and Automate means:
Optimize means to make something as effective and useful as it needs to be.
Automation refers to the use of technology to perform a series of steps correctly and consistently with limited or no human interaction.
GP7: Before an activity can be effectively automated, it should be optimized to whatever degree possible and reasonable.
True
GP7: Optimization includes:
- Assessing the current state
- Agreeing to future state and prioritizing, focusing on simplification and and value.
- Agreeing to the context of the prioritization
- Ensuring stakeholder engagement and commitment
- Executing improvements iteratively
- Continually monitoring the impact of optimization
GP7: Automation includes:
- Focusing on simplification and optimization before and automation.
- Defining metrics to measure impact and value.
- Using complimentary guiding principles:
a. Start where you are
b. Focus on value
c. keep it simple and practical
d. progress iteratively w/feedback
The Four Dimensions of Service Mgmt are:
- Organizations and People
- Information and Technology
- Partners and Suppliers
- Value Streams and Processes
The Four Dimensions of Service Mgmt are relevant to all elements of the Service Value System.
True
Not considering the Four Dimensions of Service Mgmt can lead to services w/poor quality, efficiency or non-delivery of agreed products or services.
True
The Four Dimensions of Service Mgmt can overlap and interact in unpredictable ways and can lead to reduced value or no value at all.
True
Example: Focusing too much on tech instead of the people who will use it.
Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental, or Political factors can all affect the Four Dimensions of Service.
True
Example: Legal factors may restrict what info can be stored.
Dimension #1: Organization and People
It’s important to ensure the structure and management of an organization, it’s roles, responsibilities, systems of authorities and communication is well defined and supports it’s overall strategy and operating model.
Dimension #1: Organizations and People
It’s important to ensure the structure and management of an organization, it’s roles, responsibilities, systems of authorities and communication is well defined and supports it’s overall strategy and operating model.
D1: The Scope of Organizations and People includes:
- Formal Organizational Structures
- Culture
- Required Staffing and Competencies
- Roles and Responsibilities
D1: Culture is an essential part of an organization’s success or failure and includes:
- Trust
- Transparency
- Collaboration and shared values
- Leadership focusing/championing values
- Coordination
D1: An organization should also consider:
- Common objectives
- Breaking down silos
- Building T-shaped people with broad knowledge and deep specialization.
- Updating skills and competencies
- Leadership, mgmt, communication and collaboration styles.
Dimension #2: Organizations need to consider:
- What information is being managed by the services.
- What supporting info and knowledge are needed to deliver and manage services.
- How is the information and knowledge assets are protected, managed, archived and disposed of.
D2: Technology that supports IT Services includes:
- IT Architecture
- Databases
- Blockchain
- Cognitive Computing
- Applications (mobile as well)
- Communications Systems
- Artificial intelligence
- Cloud computing
D2: Technology that supports IT Service Mgmt include:
- Workflow Management
- Communication Systems
- Inventory Systems
- Mobile Platforms.
- Cloud Solutions
- Knowledgebases
- Analytical Tools
- Remote Collaboration
- Artificial Intelligence
- Machine Learning
D2: Most IT enabled services rely on effective information mgmt to deliver value. Info. mgmt. includes:
- Availability
- Reliability
- Accessibility
- Timeliness
- Accuracy
- Relevance
D2: Availability is the ability for an IT Service or other configuration item to perform its agreed function when required.
True
D2: Reliability is the ability of a product, service or other configuration item to perform its intended function for a specified period of time or number of cycles.
True
D2: Accessibility includes making sure info is inclusive and available to authorized parties.
True