foundation chemistry

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

smallest particle of a chemical element

Question 2

Electron, proton, neutron

Answer 2

• electron – negatively charged, smallest in size, orbits the nucleus
• proton – positively charged, larger than electrons, remains inside the nucleus
• neutron – no charge, similar size to protons, remains inside nucleus

Question 3

What is a Compound

Answer 3

composed of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 4

What is a Mixture

Answer 4

composed of two or more elements that are not chemically combined

Question 5

Periodic table of elements:
What is Atomic number
What is Mass number 
Elements in the same period  have...
Elements in the same group have...
Electron configuration:

Answer 5

Atomic number = protons = electrons

Mass number = protons + neutrons

Elements in the same period = same number of electron shells

Elements in the same group = same number of valence electrons

Electron configuration: 2,8,8,18

Question 6

how are ions formed

Answer 6

Ion = an atom that has gained/lost electrons in order to have a full valence shell

Positively charged ions = metals
Negatively charged ions = non-metals

Question 7

difference between Ions and atoms

Answer 7

Ions are electrically charged because they have an uneven number of positively charged particles to negatively charged particles.

Atoms are electrically neutral because they have an even number of protons and electrons

Question 8

What are Ionic compounds

Answer 8

• ionic bond = the force of attraction that holds ions together in an ionic substance. This bond arises because of the electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions
• when a non-metal bonds with a metal
• positively charged ion (cation) bond with a negatively charged ion (anion)