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Geolgy F795 > Fossils parts > Flashcards

Fossils parts Flashcards

1
Q

Sicula

A

Conical tube secreted by first zooid (Graptolite)

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2
Q

Pallial line

A

edge of where the mantle attached (bivalve)

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3
Q

Thoracic segment

A

One part of the thorax made up of pleurons (trilobite)

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4
Q

Boss

A

Wide base of tubercle where muscles holding spine attach (Echinoid)

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5
Q

Umbilicus

A

Diameter of inner coils (Ammonoid)

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6
Q

Petaloid ambulacral area

A

Ambulacral area that is shaped like petals (Irregular Echinoid)

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7
Q

Test

A

The top of an Echinoid

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8
Q

Stipe

A

Branch of Rhabdosome (Graptolite)

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9
Q

Mamelon

A

Nipple like area for spine articulation (Echinoid)

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10
Q

Holdfast

A

Structure to attach to the sea floor, like roots (Crinoid)

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Side of the shell where the siphon extends (bivalve)

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12
Q

Pygidium

A

The fused tail piece (trilobite)

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13
Q

Sulcus

A

Recessed area on either side of the keel (Ammonoid)

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14
Q

Whorl

A

One complete turn of the shell (Gastropod)

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15
Q

Genal angle

A

The edge of the cephalon that may have a spine attached to it (trilobite)

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16
Q

Keel

A

Ridge used to stabilise while swimming (Ammonoid)

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17
Q

Body chamber

A

Largest and last chamber where the animal lives (Ammonites)

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18
Q

Rhabdosome

A

Entire skeleton (Graptolite)

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19
Q

Phagmocone

A

Chambered part in the centre of the gaurd filled with gas for buoyancy (Belemnites)

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20
Q

Compound eye

A

Kidney bean shaped eye (trilobite)

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21
Q

Nema

A

Thin tube extension of Sicula to attach to floating objects (Graptolite)

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22
Q

Free cheek

A

The part of the cephalon that breaks away during ecdysis (trilobite)

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23
Q

Septal neck

A

Extension of septum that strengthens/supports the siphuncle (Ammonites)

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24
Q

Venter

A

Outer edge of shell (Ammonites)

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25
Q

Pallial sinus

A

Indentation along the pallial line (bivalve)

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26
Q

Visceral mass

A

Fleshy mass at the back of the valves, contains the stomach (brachiopod)

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27
Q

Columella

A

Central support of the corallite (coral)

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28
Q

Posterior

A

Side of the shell opposite the anterior (bivalve)

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29
Q

Dissepiments

A

Vertical supports, in between septa (coral)

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30
Q

Fringing reef

A

A coral reef that is connected to the land at low tide.

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31
Q

Proostratacum

A

Extension of gaurd, covered tentacles (Belemnites)

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32
Q

Adductor muscle scar

A

Small depression left where the adductor muscles attached to the valves (bivalve)

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33
Q

Facial suture

A

Line of weakness along which the free cheek breaks away during ecdysis (trilobite)

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34
Q

Corallite

A

Columnar skeleton produced by a single polyp (coral)

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35
Q

Delitidal plate

A

Triangular area below the foramen, adds support to opening (brachiopod)

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36
Q

Pedicle foramen

A

Opening from which the Pedicle stalk protrudes (brachiopod)

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37
Q

Lophophore

A

Filament inside the valves used to generate currents to circulate food (brachiopod)

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38
Q

Ribs

A

Ridges on the shell that add strength (bivalve)

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39
Q

Adductor muscle

A

The muscle that closes the valves (brachiopod and bivalve)

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40
Q

Pedicle valve

A

The bottom, smaller valve (brachiopod)

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41
Q

Operculum

A

A tougher part of the foot on the posterior side (Gastropod)

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42
Q

Septum

A

Walls that close off old body chambers and strengthen shell (Ammonites)

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43
Q

Aristotle’s lantern

A

The teeth structure (Regular Echinoids)

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44
Q

Commisure

A

The point where the two valves meet part of the brachial valve where the diductor muscle attaches (brachiopod and bivalve)

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45
Q

Suture

A

The line along which two whorls meet (Gastropod)

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46
Q

Shell margin

A

The edge of the shell (bivalve)

47
Q

Glabella

A

Part of the cephalon Part of the head that contains the stomach (trilobite)

48
Q

Umbo

A

The point of first growth part of the brachial valve where the diductor muscle attaches (brachiopod and bivalve)

49
Q

Pedicle

A

The stalk that attaches the brachiopod to a surface

50
Q

Calyx

A

Main part, contains soft tissue made of basal, infrabasal and radial plates (Crinoid)

51
Q

Gonopore

A

The pore from which sperm and eggs are released (Echinoid)

52
Q

Infrabasal plates

A

The 5 middle plates, connects basal and radial plates (Crinoid)

53
Q

Pore pair

A

Where tube feet protrude (Echinoid)

54
Q

Diductor muscle

A

Muscle used to open valves (brachiopod)

55
Q

Septa

A

Vertical supports of the corallite (coral)

56
Q

Guard

A

Solid internal skeleton, bullet shaped (Belemnites)

57
Q

Outer lip

A

The outside margin of the shell, smooth so foot can be extended (Gastropod)

58
Q

Epitheca

A

The outer most layer of the corallite (coral)

59
Q

Interambulacral area

A

2 rows of plates each of which may have a tubercle (Echinoid)

60
Q

Polyp

A

Fleshy part of the coral

61
Q

Atoll

A

A ring of coral which no longer has an island in the middle of it

62
Q

Aperture

A

Hole where zooid protrudes (Graptolite)

63
Q

Siphonal canal

A

The place where the siphon extends (Gastropod)

64
Q

Anterior groove

A

Makes the animal heart shaped Lined with cilia to direct currents towards the mouth (Irregular Echinoid)

65
Q

Cilia

A

Hairs on the lophophore used to move food to the mouth (brachiopod)

66
Q

Apex

A

First whorl (Gastropod)

67
Q

Stem

A

Flexible tubular structure, supporting the calyx, composed of ossicles (Crinoid)

68
Q

Anal tube

A

Tube that protrudes from the calyx (offset to one side) to get rid of waste without mixing it with fresh water (Crinoid)

69
Q

Tube feet

A

Fleshy protrusions used for respiration movement and attachment (Echinoid)

70
Q

Pleuron

A

One part of a thoracic segment (trilobite)

71
Q

Water vascular system

A

System that circulates water and inflates tube feet (Echinoids)

72
Q

Ossicles

A

Hollow calcite discs that make up the stem (Crinoid)

73
Q

Theca

A

Cup where zooid lives (Graptolite)

74
Q

Brachia

A

Delicate structure that wafts in the current to collect food using cilia made of 5 arms each with many pinnules on them (Crinoids)

75
Q

Calice

A

Bowl shaped depression where the polyp sits (coral)

76
Q

Tubercle

A

Protrusion of exoskeleton where spines can attach (Echinoid)

77
Q

Suture

A

Where septum and shell fuse (Ammonites)

78
Q

Aperture

A

Opening where the animal protrudes (Gastropod)

79
Q

Perignathic girdle

A

The edge of the exoskeleton around the mouth where the Aristotle’s lantern attaches (Regular Echinoids)

80
Q

Madreporite

A

The largest genital plate Takes water into the water vascular system (Echinoid)

81
Q

Cardinal teeth

A

Raised area, fits into sockets on other valve, allows valves to move along the hinge line (bivalve)

82
Q

Spire

A

All the whorls the animal no longer lives in (Gastropod)

83
Q

Axis

A

Central structure running down whole trilobite, contains digestive tract

84
Q

Brachial valve

A

The top, smaller valve (brachiopod)

85
Q

Foot

A

The fleshy part protruding from the shell (Gastropod)

86
Q

Inner lip

A

Inside margin of the shell, smooth so foot can be extended easily (Gastropod)

87
Q

Periproctal plates

A

Make up the periproct which is a membrane around the anus (Echinoids)

88
Q

Genital plate

A

The plates around the anus which have gonopores (Echinoid)

89
Q

Ambulacral area

A

2 narrow rows of plates which each have a pore pair (Echinoid)

90
Q

Mantel

A

Fleshy covering of the inside of the valves (brachiopod and bivalve)

91
Q

Tabula

A

Horizontal plates that run up the corallite (coral)

92
Q

Virgella

A

Spine at the end of Sicula (Graptolite)

93
Q

Zooxanthellae

A

Algae that have a symbiotic relationship with coral

94
Q

Cardinal process

A

part of the brachial valve where the diductor muscle attaches (brachiopod)

95
Q

Radula

A

Tooth like protrusion, used to scrape flesh off prey or drill into shells (Gastropod)

96
Q

Siphuncle

A

Tube that connects chambers and controls gas levels for buoyancy (Ammonites and Belemnites)

97
Q

Hinge line

A

Plane of symmetry along which the valves meet (bivalve)

98
Q

Brachidium

A

Support for the lophophore (brachiopod)

99
Q

Pinnules

A

Small branches of arms. Each have a food groove lined with tube feet which are covered in cilia to transport food (Crinoid)

100
Q

Labrum

A

Lip protruding over part of the mouth to prevent sediment moving into the mouth (Irregular Echinoid)

101
Q

Byssus

A

Thread like structure which attaches to the sediment (bivalve)

102
Q

Plastron

A

Area covered with tubercles (Irregular Echinoid)

103
Q

Cephalon

A

The head of a trilobite

104
Q

Fixed cheek

A

The part of the cephalon that remains attached throughout ecdysis (trilobite)

105
Q

Barrier reef

A

Coral reef that is connected by the shore by a marshy area

106
Q

Basal plates

A

The 5 lower plates, connect to stem (Crinoid)

107
Q

Siphon

A

Soft tissue that takes in fresh water and filters it, aids in feeding and respiration (bivalve and Gastropod)

108
Q

Protoconch

A

First chamber (Ammonites and Belemnites)

109
Q

Apical angle

A

The angle at the apex (Gastropod)

110
Q

Radial plates

A

The 5 upper most plates, where Arms connect, one on each plate (Crinoid)

111
Q

Ligament

A

Helps hold shell together (bivalve)

112
Q

Socket

A

Depression into which Cardinal teeth fit (bivalve)

113
Q

Ocular plates

A

The five plates on the top of the test which act as eyes (Echinoid)

Geolgy F795 (7 decks)

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