Fossil Fuels

Question 1

What is the process used to obtain shale gas?

Answer 1

Fracking

Fracking involves cracking large rocks underground to release gas.

Question 2

What are the concerns associated with fracking?

Answer 2

Damage to land and release of harmful gases

These concerns have led to discussions about the use of fracking.

Question 3

List two advantages of natural gas.

Answer 3

• Emits less carbon dioxide than coal or oil
• The UK has shale gas deposits

Question 4

List two disadvantages of natural gas.

Answer 4

• Highly flammable - risk of explosion from gas leaks
• Extracting gas might cause the pollution of water

Question 5

What is the primary use of oil in the UK?

Answer 5

Fuel or turned into plastics

Very little electricity is generated from oil in the UK.

Question 6

What is one advantage of oil?

Answer 6

A small amount of oil can produce a lot of energy

Question 7

What is one disadvantage of oil?

Answer 7

Creates significant air pollution when burned

Question 8

How is oil described in terms of storage and transport?

Answer 8

Relatively easy to store and transport

Question 9

What is a significant environmental impact of oil?

Answer 9

Considerable impact on water, land use and disposal

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Very little of the UK’s electricity comes from _______.

Answer 10

oil

Question 11

True or False: Natural gas emits more carbon dioxide than coal or oil.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What has happened to the use of coal for electricity generation in the UK since 2012?

Answer 12

It has fallen.

Question 13

How is electricity generated from coal?

Answer 13

Through the burning of coal, which heats water to create steam that spins a turbine connected to a generator.

Question 14

What is the first step in the process of generating electricity from coal?

Answer 14

Burning of coal, usually after it is crushed.

Question 15

What happens to water when coal is burned?

Answer 15

It is turned into steam.

Question 16

What is the role of the turbine in electricity generation from coal?

Answer 16

It spins due to high-pressure steam.

Question 17

What does the turbine connect to in order to produce electricity?

Answer 17

An electrical generator.

Question 18

What type of energy is stored in coal?

Answer 18

Chemical energy.

Question 19

What type of energy is transferred when coal is burned?

Answer 19

Heat energy.

Question 20

What type of energy is associated with steam in the electricity generation process?

Answer 20

Heat energy.

Question 21

What type of energy is transferred by the turbine?

Answer 21

Movement energy.

Question 22

What type of energy is produced by the generator?

Answer 22

Electricity.

Question 23

List two advantages of using coal for electricity generation.

Answer 23

• Enough coal on Earth to last hundreds of years
• Produces high amounts of energy

Question 24

List two disadvantages of using coal.

Answer 24

• Produces carbon dioxide when burned, contributing to global warming
• Damage is caused to natural land when mining takes place

Question 25

True or False: Coal generates electricity without contributing to global warming.

Answer 25

False.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The process of burning coal primarily produces _______.

Answer 26

carbon dioxide.

Question 27

What are fossil fuels?

Answer 27

Fossil fuels are a finite resource that cannot be replaced once extracted from the ground. ## Footnote Fossil fuels include coal, natural gas, and oil.

Question 28

What percentage of energy consumed in the world came from fossil fuels in 2015?

Answer 28

80 percent

Question 29

What was the UK's dependence on fossil fuels in early 2018?

Answer 29

77 percent

Question 30

List three examples of fossil fuels.

Answer 30

* coal * natural gas * oil

Question 31

True or False: Fossil fuels are an infinite resource.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Fill in the blank: In 2015, _______ percent of energy consumed in the world came from fossil fuels.

Answer 32

80

Question 33

Fill in the blank: In early 2018, the UK's dependence on fossil fuels was at a low of _______ percent.

Answer 33

77

Question 34

What percentage of the country's electricity was generated by nuclear energy in 2018?

Answer 34

Around one fifth ## Footnote This indicates the significant role of nuclear energy in the energy mix.

Question 35

What process is used to produce energy in nuclear power?

Answer 35

Fission ## Footnote Fission is the splitting of atomic nuclei, which releases a large amount of energy.

Question 36

What is required to produce a huge amount of energy through the nuclear process?

Answer 36

A relatively small amount of uranium ## Footnote Uranium is the primary fuel used in nuclear reactors.

Question 37

What form of energy is produced during the nuclear process?

Answer 37

Heat ## Footnote The heat generated from fission is used to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: In 2018, nuclear energy generated around _______ of the country's electricity.

Answer 38

one fifth

Question 39

True or False: A large amount of uranium is needed to produce energy in nuclear power.

Answer 39

False ## Footnote A relatively small amount of uranium is sufficient for nuclear energy production.

Question 40

What element is primarily used in the nuclear fission process?

Answer 40

Uranium ## Footnote Uranium-235 is the isotope commonly used in nuclear reactors.

Question 41

What happens to atoms in a nuclear power process?

Answer 41

Atoms are split, releasing energy

Question 42

How is energy from nuclear fission used in power generation?

Answer 42

It converts water into super-heated steam

Question 43

What is the role of turbines in nuclear power stations?

Answer 43

They are spun to generate electricity

Question 44

What are the advantages of nuclear power? List two.

Answer 44

* No harmful gases released * More efficient than fossil fuels

Question 45

What is a disadvantage of nuclear power regarding its operational lifespan?

Answer 45

Nuclear power stations have to close after around 40 years of use

Question 46

Why do nuclear power stations have to close after a certain number of years?

Answer 46

The uranium becomes less efficient at heating the water

Question 47

What is a significant challenge regarding the disposal of nuclear waste?

Answer 47

Disposal of uranium is difficult and costly

Question 48

What is the financial consideration regarding nuclear power stations?

Answer 48

The cost of nuclear power stations is very large