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Design And Technology > Fossil Fuels > Flashcards

Fossil Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process used to obtain shale gas?

A

Fracking

Fracking involves cracking large rocks underground to release gas.

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2
Q

What are the concerns associated with fracking?

A

Damage to land and release of harmful gases

These concerns have led to discussions about the use of fracking.

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3
Q

List two advantages of natural gas.

A
  • Emits less carbon dioxide than coal or oil
  • The UK has shale gas deposits
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4
Q

List two disadvantages of natural gas.

A
  • Highly flammable - risk of explosion from gas leaks
  • Extracting gas might cause the pollution of water
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5
Q

What is the primary use of oil in the UK?

A

Fuel or turned into plastics

Very little electricity is generated from oil in the UK.

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6
Q

What is one advantage of oil?

A

A small amount of oil can produce a lot of energy

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7
Q

What is one disadvantage of oil?

A

Creates significant air pollution when burned

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8
Q

How is oil described in terms of storage and transport?

A

Relatively easy to store and transport

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9
Q

What is a significant environmental impact of oil?

A

Considerable impact on water, land use and disposal

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Very little of the UK’s electricity comes from _______.

A

oil

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11
Q

True or False: Natural gas emits more carbon dioxide than coal or oil.

A

False

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12
Q

What has happened to the use of coal for electricity generation in the UK since 2012?

A

It has fallen.

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13
Q

How is electricity generated from coal?

A

Through the burning of coal, which heats water to create steam that spins a turbine connected to a generator.

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14
Q

What is the first step in the process of generating electricity from coal?

A

Burning of coal, usually after it is crushed.

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15
Q

What happens to water when coal is burned?

A

It is turned into steam.

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16
Q

What is the role of the turbine in electricity generation from coal?

A

It spins due to high-pressure steam.

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17
Q

What does the turbine connect to in order to produce electricity?

A

An electrical generator.

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18
Q

What type of energy is stored in coal?

A

Chemical energy.

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19
Q

What type of energy is transferred when coal is burned?

A

Heat energy.

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20
Q

What type of energy is associated with steam in the electricity generation process?

A

Heat energy.

21
Q

What type of energy is transferred by the turbine?

A

Movement energy.

22
Q

What type of energy is produced by the generator?

A

Electricity.

23
Q

List two advantages of using coal for electricity generation.

A
  • Enough coal on Earth to last hundreds of years
  • Produces high amounts of energy
24
Q

List two disadvantages of using coal.

A
  • Produces carbon dioxide when burned, contributing to global warming
  • Damage is caused to natural land when mining takes place
25
Q

True or False: Coal generates electricity without contributing to global warming.

A

False.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of burning coal primarily produces _______.

A

carbon dioxide.

27
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are a finite resource that cannot be replaced once extracted from the ground.

Fossil fuels include coal, natural gas, and oil.

28
Q

What percentage of energy consumed in the world came from fossil fuels in 2015?

A

80 percent

29
Q

What was the UK’s dependence on fossil fuels in early 2018?

A

77 percent

30
Q

List three examples of fossil fuels.

A
  • coal
  • natural gas
  • oil
31
Q

True or False: Fossil fuels are an infinite resource.

A

False

32
Q

Fill in the blank: In 2015, _______ percent of energy consumed in the world came from fossil fuels.

A

80

33
Q

Fill in the blank: In early 2018, the UK’s dependence on fossil fuels was at a low of _______ percent.

A

77

34
Q

What percentage of the country’s electricity was generated by nuclear energy in 2018?

A

Around one fifth

This indicates the significant role of nuclear energy in the energy mix.

35
Q

What process is used to produce energy in nuclear power?

A

Fission

Fission is the splitting of atomic nuclei, which releases a large amount of energy.

36
Q

What is required to produce a huge amount of energy through the nuclear process?

A

A relatively small amount of uranium

Uranium is the primary fuel used in nuclear reactors.

37
Q

What form of energy is produced during the nuclear process?

A

Heat

The heat generated from fission is used to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: In 2018, nuclear energy generated around _______ of the country’s electricity.

A

one fifth

39
Q

True or False: A large amount of uranium is needed to produce energy in nuclear power.

A

False

A relatively small amount of uranium is sufficient for nuclear energy production.

40
Q

What element is primarily used in the nuclear fission process?

A

Uranium

Uranium-235 is the isotope commonly used in nuclear reactors.

41
Q

What happens to atoms in a nuclear power process?

A

Atoms are split, releasing energy

42
Q

How is energy from nuclear fission used in power generation?

A

It converts water into super-heated steam

43
Q

What is the role of turbines in nuclear power stations?

A

They are spun to generate electricity

44
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear power? List two.

A
  • No harmful gases released
  • More efficient than fossil fuels
45
Q

What is a disadvantage of nuclear power regarding its operational lifespan?

A

Nuclear power stations have to close after around 40 years of use

46
Q

Why do nuclear power stations have to close after a certain number of years?

A

The uranium becomes less efficient at heating the water

47
Q

What is a significant challenge regarding the disposal of nuclear waste?

A

Disposal of uranium is difficult and costly

48
Q

What is the financial consideration regarding nuclear power stations?

A

The cost of nuclear power stations is very large

Design And Technology (3 decks)

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