Fossil fuels

Question 1

What are the three types of fossil fuels?

Answer 1

1. Coal
2. Oil (crude oil)
3. Natural gas

Question 2

What is coal made from?

Answer 2

Dead animals/plants/trees squashed beneath mud often in swamps that couldn’t rot

Question 3

What is oil and natural gas made from?

Answer 3

Sea creatures squashed beneath sand that can’t rot, natural gas requires more heat and pressure than oil.

Question 4

What is an atom?

Answer 4

The smallest particle that everything is made up of.

Question 5

Energy definition

Answer 5

The ability to do work and make change

Question 6

Kinetic energy definition

Answer 6

Energy possessed by a moving object

Question 7

Potential energy definition

Answer 7

Stored energy

Question 8

What is a element?

Answer 8

Substances made up of one specific type of atom

Question 9

How many groups and periods are there in the periodic table?

Answer 9

18 groups (vertical)
7 periods (horizontal)

Question 10

What are the first 20 elements in the periodic table?

Answer 10

Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon (Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca)

Question 11

What are the three particles in an atom?

Answer 11

Electron- smallest, negative
Proton- positive, same mass as neutron
Neutron- no charge, same mass as proton

Question 12

What is the atomic number?

Answer 12

At the top of each element in the periodic table
Number of protons and electrons (the same)

Question 13

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 13

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 14

How do you find how many neutrons there are?

Answer 14

Mass number−Atomic number

Question 15

How many electrons are max in each of the 4 energy levels

Answer 15

1st energy level- 2 max
2nd energy level- 8 max
3rd energy level- 8 max
4th energy level- 18 max

Question 16

What is a compound?

Answer 16

A substance made up of 2 or more different elements chemically combined

Question 17

What is a mixture?

Answer 17

When 2 or more substances are mixed together but not combined chemically

Question 18

What are some common uses for fossil fuels?

Answer 18

as an energy source, for generating power and heat

Question 19

Why is coal good?

Answer 19

1. Found in many places around the world
2. Easy to transport
3. Cheap energy source

Question 20

Why is oil and natural gas good?

Answer 20

1. It’s transported easily through pipes
2. Can be found all over the world

Question 21

Why is coal harmful when it’s burnt?

Answer 21

It produces a lot of waste products like the metal mercury and sulfur dioxide (makes acid rain) which is bad for the environment

Question 22

Why is mining for coal bad?

Answer 22

It uses a lot of water which drains rivers

Question 23

How does gas harm the environment when it’s used?

Answer 23

It releases co2. However it is the cleanest of the fossil fuels

Question 24

How is extracting oil bad for the environment?

Answer 24

Pollution. Oil and gas operations could release many tons of harmful pollutants like co2 into the air and discharge dangerous chemicals into the water. This degrades the clean air and water that animals and humans depend on for survival.

Question 25

Coal’s disadvantages

Answer 25

1. Makes coal miners ill
2. Non-renewable and will run out in about 100 years
3. Burning coal produces polluting gases like sulfur dioxide

Question 26

Oil disadvantages

Answer 26

1. Non-renewable and will be gone by 2042
2. Releases greenhouse gases
3. Price is always increasing because it’s a finite resource
4. Working on an oil rig is dangerous because of explosion risk

Question 27

Natural gas disadvantages

Answer 27

1. Non-renewable and will run out by 2044
2. Releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
3. Price is always increasing because supplies are running out

Question 28

What is an ion?

Answer 28

Ions are charged substances that have formed through the gain or loss of electrons.

Question 29

What is a cation?

Answer 29

Positively charged ions are called cations and are formed when an atom loses electrons. The ions that are formed when an atom loses electrons are positively charged because they have more protons in the nucleus than electrons in the electron cloud.

Question 30

What is an anion?

Answer 30

Negatively charged ions are called anions and are formed when an atom gains electrons. The ions that are formed when an atom gains electrons are negatively charged because they have more electrons in the electron cloud than protons in the nucleus.

Question 31

What is electrical energy?

Answer 31

Movement of electrons (Ex used to power lights, computers and devices)

Question 32

What is sound energy?

Answer 32

Sound energy is given off as sound waves from vibrations (Ex speaker, guitar)

Question 33

What is light energy?

Answer 33

Light energy is given off through light waves and the reason we can see is because our eyes can detect light waves.

Question 34

What is heat energy?

Answer 34

Due to movement of atoms (particles vibrating and colliding together)

Question 35

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 35

Energy found in objects due to their height above ground (Ex about to jump)

Question 36

What is chemical potential energy?

Answer 36

Energy stored in the bonds of atoms (Ex fuels, foods, batteries)

Question 37

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 37

Energy stored in an object when it’s squashed or stretched (Ex bowstring, elastic band)

Question 38

What is nuclear energy?

Answer 38

Energy released when you split atoms (Ex powering the sun, radioactivity, nuclear bombs)

Question 39

What is an energy transformation?

Answer 39

When energy changes from one form to another