Fossil fuels Flashcards
What are the three types of fossil fuels?
- Coal
- Oil (crude oil)
- Natural gas
What is coal made from?
Dead animals/plants/trees squashed beneath mud often in swamps that couldn’t rot
What is oil and natural gas made from?
Sea creatures squashed beneath sand that can’t rot, natural gas requires more heat and pressure than oil.
What is an atom?
The smallest particle that everything is made up of.
Energy definition
The ability to do work and make change
Kinetic energy definition
Energy possessed by a moving object
Potential energy definition
Stored energy
What is a element?
Substances made up of one specific type of atom
How many groups and periods are there in the periodic table?
18 groups (vertical)
7 periods (horizontal)
What are the first 20 elements in the periodic table?
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon (Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca)
What are the three particles in an atom?
Electron- smallest, negative
Proton- positive, same mass as neutron
Neutron- no charge, same mass as proton
What is the atomic number?
At the top of each element in the periodic table
Number of protons and electrons (the same)
What is the atomic mass?
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
How do you find how many neutrons there are?
Mass number−Atomic number
How many electrons are max in each of the 4 energy levels
1st energy level- 2 max
2nd energy level- 8 max
3rd energy level- 8 max
4th energy level- 18 max
What is a compound?
A substance made up of 2 or more different elements chemically combined
What is a mixture?
When 2 or more substances are mixed together but not combined chemically
What are some common uses for fossil fuels?
as an energy source, for generating power and heat
Why is coal good?
- Found in many places around the world
- Easy to transport
- Cheap energy source
Why is oil and natural gas good?
- It’s transported easily through pipes
- Can be found all over the world
Why is coal harmful when it’s burnt?
It produces a lot of waste products like the metal mercury and sulfur dioxide (makes acid rain) which is bad for the environment
Why is mining for coal bad?
It uses a lot of water which drains rivers
How does gas harm the environment when it’s used?
It releases co2. However it is the cleanest of the fossil fuels
How is extracting oil bad for the environment?
Pollution. Oil and gas operations could release many tons of harmful pollutants like co2 into the air and discharge dangerous chemicals into the water. This degrades the clean air and water that animals and humans depend on for survival.
Coal’s disadvantages
- Makes coal miners ill
- Non-renewable and will run out in about 100 years
- Burning coal produces polluting gases like sulfur dioxide
Oil disadvantages
- Non-renewable and will be gone by 2042
- Releases greenhouse gases
- Price is always increasing because it’s a finite resource
- Working on an oil rig is dangerous because of explosion risk
Natural gas disadvantages
- Non-renewable and will run out by 2044
- Releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
- Price is always increasing because supplies are running out
What is an ion?
Ions are charged substances that have formed through the gain or loss of electrons.
What is a cation?
Positively charged ions are called cations and are formed when an atom loses electrons. The ions that are formed when an atom loses electrons are positively charged because they have more protons in the nucleus than electrons in the electron cloud.
What is an anion?
Negatively charged ions are called anions and are formed when an atom gains electrons. The ions that are formed when an atom gains electrons are negatively charged because they have more electrons in the electron cloud than protons in the nucleus.
What is electrical energy?
Movement of electrons (Ex used to power lights, computers and devices)
What is sound energy?
Sound energy is given off as sound waves from vibrations (Ex speaker, guitar)
What is light energy?
Light energy is given off through light waves and the reason we can see is because our eyes can detect light waves.
What is heat energy?
Due to movement of atoms (particles vibrating and colliding together)
What is gravitational potential energy?
Energy found in objects due to their height above ground (Ex about to jump)
What is chemical potential energy?
Energy stored in the bonds of atoms (Ex fuels, foods, batteries)
What is elastic potential energy?
Energy stored in an object when it’s squashed or stretched (Ex bowstring, elastic band)
What is nuclear energy?
Energy released when you split atoms (Ex powering the sun, radioactivity, nuclear bombs)
What is an energy transformation?
When energy changes from one form to another
