fossil fuels

Question 1

what is ESPO?

Answer 1

an energy pathway from Russia to China transporting crude oil

Question 2

transit state

Answer 2

a country where energy flows through from the producer to the consumer

Question 3

chokepoints

Answer 3

narrow channel easily disrupted if blocked, energy prices can rise

Question 4

piracy - Malacca

Answer 4

Malacca December 2015 - second largest chokepoint in the world. over 500 attacks from gangs who seized ships

Question 5

conflict

Answer 5

Battle for Syrian territory - due to the pipelines underneath the ground which run to Europe - one of the biggest energy markets. The US and Saudi Arabia want to control, but so do Russia and Iran.

Question 6

deepwater oil

Answer 6

deeper ocean waters e.g. gulf of Mexico

Question 7

tar sands

Answer 7

naturally occurring mixtures of sands that contain petroleum called Bitumen

Question 8

oil shale

Answer 8

deposits of organic compounds that haven’t undergone enough significant heat and pressure to become conventional

Question 9

shale gas

Answer 9

methane in coal seams, natural gas trapped in sandstone

Question 10

why are governments in favour of Canada exploiting their tar sands?

Answer 10

because it increases the country’s energy security and promotes economic development

Question 11

what are the benefits of tar sands

Answer 11

• increases energy security
• satisfy large energy demand
• vital revenue

Question 12

costs of tar sands

Answer 12

• energy and water-intensive
• toxic wastewater produced
• adds to greenhouse gases

Question 13

tar sands implications for the carbon cycle

Answer 13

• increased carbon emissions and less absorption disrupts the equilibrium