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11c Alc > Forward Observer > Flashcards

Forward Observer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Forward Observer

A

Are with front line troops and trained to adjust ground, or Naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information

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2
Q

What is CCF stand for?

A

Call for fire

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3
Q

What is CCF

A

Call for fire is a concise message prepared by the observer. It contains all the information needed by the FDC to determine the method of target attack.
It is a request, not an order. It must be sent quickly, but clearly. Must be understood, recorded, and read back by the FDC

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4
Q

What does FDC stand for

A

Fire Direction center

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5
Q

How many parts and elements does a normal CFF mission consist of?

A

Three parts

Six elements

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6
Q

Name the 6 elements of CFF

A 
1 observers identification 
2 warning order
3 target location
4 target description 
5 method of engagement 
6 method of Fire and Control
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7
Q

How many transmission does it take to transmit a CFF mission

A

3 transmission

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8
Q

How long does a CFF mission have to transmit

A

3 minutes

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9
Q

How long should it take for an adjustment

A

Less than 45 sec

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10
Q

Observer must enter Fire for effect phase, no more than ___rounds

A

6 rounds

Initial round and 5 adjustments

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11
Q

Fire for effect must be within

A

50 meters of the target using successive bracketing (or Creeping fire when Danger close) because the kill zone is within 30 meters

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12
Q

Successive bracketing is

A

It mathematically ensures the observer that the FFE rounds will impact within 50 meters of the adjustment point. Double from initial point in opposite directions than cut in half
Best when observers are inexperienced or precise adjustment is required

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13
Q

Four techniques for Area Adjustment Fire

A

Successive bracketing
Hasty bracketing
One round and adjust
Creeping Fire

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14
Q

Hasty bracketing

A

It is best when responsive fires are required and the observer is experienced with CFF

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15
Q

One round and adjust

A

Provides the most responsive fires. Generally requires an experienced observer or a laser range finder

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16
Q

Creeping fire

A

Used in Danger close missions

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17
Q

What is the blast radius for a 81 round

A

35-40 meters

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18
Q

What is the blast radius of a 60 MM

A

20-25 meters

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19
Q

What is the blast radius of a 120

A

60 meters

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20
Q

What is the process of CFF

A

The FO spots the enemy
The FO request CFF
FDC receives the mission

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21
Q

Call for fire 1st transmission

A

Observer is and warning order

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22
Q

CFF transmission 2/3

A

Target location

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23
Q

CCF third transmission

A

Target Description, method of engagement and method of fire and control

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24
Q

Example of CFF

A 
FDC de (this is) cobra 6   Adjust fire grid 
Observer identification  warning order

Minimum 6 digit grid
Target location

1 humv our in open
Target description

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25
Q

Types of missions

A

Adjust fire
Fire for effect
Immediate suppression /smoke
Suppression

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26
Q

Forward observer role

A

Eyes in the front line

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27
Q

Duties of an FO

A

Detect and locate suitable targets
CFF
Adjust fire
Relays the results

28
Q

FDC (Fire direction center)

A

Receives CFF mission
Computes Fire data
Transmits data in the form of a weapon setting and fire command to firing unit

29
Q

Firing unit

A

Apply the weapon setting and fire commands transmitted by the FDC in order to deliver rounds when and where the observer has requested

30
Q

FO uses a map to determine the location of

A

Targets
Friendly position
Own position
Keep oriented during movement

31
Q

What are the two critical elements of target location

A

Distance and direction

32
Q

Direction

A

The most important element of target location

33
Q

Mils

A

A unit of angular measurement that is equal to a circle from 1-6400. Can be measured by a map or compass

34
Q

Conversation of degrees to mils

A

By multiplying number of degree by 17.8 expressed to 10 mils
Examples 16 degrees x 17.8 = 284.4 mils
Round to nearest 10 = 280 mils
Don’t forget to convert magnetic to grid

35
Q

Is grid standard for mortars?

A

Yes so it does not have to be in warning order

36
Q

Adjust fire provides

A

1 round to adjust until within 50 meters

37
Q

Mil relation formula

A

When using binoculars
1 mil is equal to 1000 meters in lateral distance this if R = range in meters, W = lateral distance in meters, and M equals angular deviation in Mils, then W= (R/1000) (M)

38
Q

Target location grid

A

Must use minimum of 6 digits

39
Q

Target location polar

A

Polar direction and distance from target
Expressed in the nearest 10 mils
expressed to the nearest 100 meters

367 mils = 370 mils
2450 meters = 2500 meters

40
Q

Shift from known location

A

Can only Add/drop shift left/right

41
Q

SNAP

A

Size
Nomenclature
Activity
Protection

42
Q

Target description

A

Use SNAP

43
Q

Method of engagement

A

Uses to specify ammunition

44
Q

Danger close

A

Standard for everyone 600 meters

45
Q

Types of ammunition

A 
HE (High Explosive)
WP ( Wilipee)
Smoke 
Illumination
DPICM -Duel Purpose improve conventional munitions
46
Q

What is the standard type of ammunition

A

HE rounds

47
Q

2 types of Trajectory

A

High angle and low angle

48
Q

Low angle is standard for

High angle is standard for

A

Artillery is low

Mortars are high

49
Q

Ammunition are selected by

A

Firing unit based on observers descriptions (snap) observers may request

50
Q

Method of fire and control

A

W when ready (Does not need to be announced)
A at my command (able to Mass fire)
T time on target ( Standard +- 3sec from impact round complete

51
Q

At my command can

A

Greatly reduce time on target

52
Q

5 methods of Direction

A 
Estimating 
Scaling from a map
Compass
Measuring from reference point 
Other types of measuring tools ie laser
53
Q

5 rules of direction

A 
O observer to target
M mils not degrees 360 degree to 6400 mil
G grid direction 
10 round to nearest 10 mils
4 give in 4 digits
54
Q

CFF polar mission

When should the FDC known the observers location

A

Prior to CFF mission transmission

55
Q

How to determine direction for Polar mission

A

Round to nearest 10 mil

56
Q

How to determine distance polar mission

A

Round to the nearest 100 m

57
Q

Change in elevation

A

Must state elevation change if 35 or more and in increments of 5

58
Q

Flash to bang method

A

350 m times every second between time of impact and sound

59
Q

Grid CFF

A

FDC needs to know observer location prior to adjustment or after third transmission to the nearest 10 mils

60
Q

Shot

A

Is transmitted by the FDC to inform observers the round is out of the tube and on its way

61
Q

Splash

A

Tells the observers within 5 sec of impact

62
Q

Corrections are made

A

Left or right, up or down

63
Q

OT factor

A

Distance from observer to target divided by 1000 and rounded to the nearest whole number. Anything less than 1 stays a decimal

64
Q

Spotting

A

When spotting, use the number of mils between rounds and target measuring with a binoculars

65
Q

Lateral shift

A

Used to bring the rounds impact line left or right onto the observers line

11c Alc (1 decks)

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