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Fortified & Dessert Wines > Fortified Wines > Flashcards

Fortified Wines Flashcards

1
Q

What helps the ageing process in fortified wines.

A

Heat and warm climates

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2
Q

Why is most of the ageing complete before barrelling?

A

Blending older with younger wines

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3
Q

What is fortified wine?

A

The wine has had the grape spirit added to it during winemaking process

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4
Q

What are the two types of grape spirit used?

A
  • Brandy spirit - 35-45% alcohol. Made from steeping “low” wine to create concentrated alcohol. Burnt sugar flavour.
  • Neutral spirit (SVR) which is flavourless, but distilled to 97% alcohol
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5
Q

What does adding extra sugar during the winemaking process do to the wine?

A

Adding sugar during fermentation will kill yeast. This creates a higher alcoholic wine that has residual grape sugar

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6
Q

What are the famous fortified wines?

A
  • Port; 19% abv
  • Sherry; 15-18.5% abv
  • Muscat and Topaque; 17.5-18.5 abv
  • Vermouth; 20.5-28.5% abv wide range internationally
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7
Q

What are some French dessert fortified wine?

A
  • Vins doux naturels; light, from white Muscat or red Grenache in Southern France
  • Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise; made from white Muscat grapes in the Rhone Valley

abv 15% to 16%

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8
Q

What is Vermouth?

A

Vermouth is a fortified wine with various botanicals (roots, barks, flowers, seeds, herbs and spices). Famous brands/flavours include Noilly Prat (dry Vermouth) and Campari (distinct red colour)

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9
Q

What is the history of Sherry?

A
  • Originally Jerez
  • Famous for English connection since 15th Century
  • South West near Cadiz
  • Hot, Dry, Chalky soil
  • White grapes; Palomino, Pedro Ximenez & Moscatel
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10
Q

What are the major styles of Sherry?

A
  • Fino; dry and youngest in age, “drunk from the wood” salty foods pair well e.g. sardines, olives etc
  • Amontillado (Manzanilla = place & style); slightly sweet (“off dry”)
  • Olorosso; sweet and aged for many years in a barrel; burnt & caramelised
  • Pedro Zimenez (PX); sweet, concentrated and aged for many years. Viscous and very sugary. Brown colour
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11
Q

What happens in the production of Sherry?

A
  • Flor yeast for Fino
  • “Solera system” which is a collection of barrels that are blended from young to old
  • Freshness and age in one is key
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12
Q

Where is Port from?

A

The home of port - Oporto and the Douro Valley
• Long English connection
• Douro Valley is hot and long and terraced
• Vineyards (Quinta=farm) in the valley where raw port is made

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13
Q

Where is the raw port taken to?

A

Oporto

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14
Q

Can port be white?

A

Yes, but most are red

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15
Q

What are the varieties pf Port?

A

Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional & Tinta Barroca, all are red

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16
Q

What is most Port fortified with?

A

Brandy spirit

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17
Q

What are the big Port producers?

A

Houses, Taylors and Fonseca

18
Q

What are the styles of Port?

A

Ruby, Tawny, Vintage, LBV (Late Bottled Vintage)

19
Q

What technique is Tawny matured with?

A

Solera System

20
Q

How many years does vintage Port spend in the barrel before being put in a bottle?

A

2 years before long age maturation

21
Q

What is LBV?

A

Late Bottled Vintage. Instead of spending 2 years a barrel, it spends 4-5 years in a barrel and then 2-3 years in a bottle. This imitates the flavour of Vintage port without waiting 20 years

22
Q

What word replace Port and Sherry?

A
  • Sherry has been replaced by Apera

- Port has been replaced either by “Fortified Shiraz” or “Vintage”

23
Q

What are famous fortified wines in Australia?

A
  • Tokay (Austrian trademark); replaced by the word Topaque

* Muscat or Liqueur Muscat

24
Q

Where are Muscat and Topaque created?

A

• made mostly Nth East Victoria and SA
• Muscat is made from Red grapes
• Topaque is made from white grape Muscadelle
- Classic; 5-10 yrs in barrel
- Grand; 10-15 yrs and higher sugar
- Rare; 20+ years
*the older the higher price and concentrated flavour and sugar

25
Q

Why do fortified wines go out of fashion?

A
  1. They are sweet and less desire to drink sweet wines
  2. Alcohol content is higher than most table wines
    more about perception than about alcohol content
26
Q

Is Vermouth considered flavoured wine?

A

Yes. The additives change the original flavour of the wine and therefore are considered flavoured wine

27
Q

What are Late Harvest wines?

A

Late harvest of white grapes. Semillon, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc
• fruit is left on vine to dehydrate
- grapes are less acidic but high in flavours
• wines are low in alcohol because of high Beaume levels, yeast gets exhausted and breaks down - this is the case for all “dessert” style wines
• easiest and lowest price

28
Q

What is Cane Cut?

A

Aka Cordon Cut
• late harvest
• the supply of water to the grapes are cut so it dehydrates much quicker
• grapes are concentrated but doesn’t lose all acidity, and is “brighter”

29
Q

What is “Noble Rot”?

A

Grapes which have been effected by Botrytis

30
Q

What conditions does Botrytis grow in?

A

Conditions must be warm and moist with little or no breeze

31
Q

Can you make Botrytis wine from red grapes?

A

No, the tannins stop the cells from forming and creates a very unpleasant taste.

32
Q

What are the most common grape varieties for Botrytis?

A

Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Muscadelle

33
Q

What do you need to create Botrytis wines?

A

You need spores from Botrytis

34
Q

What happens when Botrytis infects a grape?

A

It slowly spreads from one grape to another, then from bunch to bunch. But it is important to remember that is it random and will not infect all grapes (usually)

35
Q

What is Botrytis Cinerea?

A

Heavily infected grapes look like ash

36
Q

What is Botrytis’s flavour profiles?

A
  • Orange marmalade
  • Candied Citrus
  • Quince Paste
  • Apricot jam
  • Volatile Acidity
37
Q

Does Botrytis preserve acidity levels?

A

Yes

38
Q

What are the most famous Australian Botrytis?

A

De Bortoli “Noble One”

39
Q

What is Chateau D’Yquem?

A

The most sought after famous Botrytis wines

40
Q

What are famous dried Fruit Wines?

A
  • Vin Santo from Tuscany
  • Amarone from DOC Amarone della Valpolicella
  • Pantelleria made in Pantelleria (Italy)

Fortified & Dessert Wines (1 decks)

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