Fortified Wines Flashcards
1
Q
T or F: Sherry, Port, Madeira, and Marsala must be fortified with grape-based neutral spirit?
A
True
2
Q
T or F: Manzanilla Sherry can only be produced and matured in Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
A
True
3
Q
Fortification of Port happens ________ in the winemaking process than in the fortification of Oloroso Sherry.
A
Earlier
4
Q
Match the following producers to the style of wine they produce.
A. Dow’s
B. Tío Pepe
C. Henriques & Henriques
D. Marco de Bortoli
A
a) Port
b) Sherry
c) Madiera
d) Marsala
5
Q
In the 18th century, ________ was the most popular style of wine in the American colonies.
A
Madiera
6
Q
What is the French term for the process of fortifying a wine during fermentation?
A
Mutage
7
Q
Colheita Madeira is made using which production method?
A
Cantiero
8
Q
Select the style(s) of wine produced in Banyuls AOP.
A
Fortified Rose
Fortified White
Fortified Red
9
Q
Match the Vin de Liqueur to the region it is produced in: A. Macvin B. Ratafia C. Floc de Gascogne D. Pineau des Charentes
A
a) Jura
b) Chamapgne
c) Gascogne
d) Cognac
10
Q
T/F: There are no fortified DOCG wines.
A
True
11
Q
Match the Muscat-based fortified wine to its country of origin. A. Muscat of Samos B. Muscatel de Sétubal C. Muscat de Noël D. Massandra Pink Muscat
A
a) Greece
b) Portugal
c) France
d) Ukraine
12
Q
Match the single quinta to its owner. A. Quinta do Sagrado B. Quinta da Roeda C. Quinta do Bomfim D. Quinta do Passadouro E. Quinta do Sao Luiz
A
a) Calem
b) Croft
c) Dow’s
d) Niepoort
e) Kopke
13
Q
What does the term “poniente” refer to?
A
A cool, moist wind that blows into Southern Spain from the Atlantic
14
Q
Where are you most likely to encounter patamares?
A
Duoro
15
Q
Which of the following AOPs produce both still and fortified wine? A. Banyuls B. Rasteau C. Maury D. Bandol E. Rivesaltes
A
Maury
16
Q
What styles of wine are produced in Banyuls?
A
Fortified white, rose, and red wines
17
Q
List the following styles of Rutherglen Muscat in order of average age. Choice A. Classic B. Grand C. Rare D. Muscat
A
Muscat
Classic
Grand
Rare
18
Q
Where is Commanderia St. John produced?
A
Cyprus
19
Q
T/F: American producers that use terms such as Port and Sherry on their labels can sell those wines in the EU
A
False
20
Q
What is the minimum average age of wines in a VORS solera?
A
30 years
21
Q
What is sobretablas?
A
A 6-12 month aging period that culminates in a second sorting process for flor-aged Sherry
22
Q
What is en rama?
A
Sherry that is unfiltered and unfined
23
Q
What is a “mistelle?”
A
A wine that is fortified prior to fermentation beginning
24
Q
What is the “lei do tergo?”
A
The Law of Thirds; a decree that restricts a port house from selling no more than 1/3 of its inventory annually
25
What is the "Beneficio Authorization?"
A grant assigned to a port house by the IVDP that alots the maximum amount of wine that may be fortified in a year
26
The traditional foot-crushing vessels for port wine?
Lagares
27
What are "Patamares?"
Wider terraces in the vineyards of the Duoro
28
What is "Beneficio?"
The fortification of wine with spirit
29
Port wine is typically fortified to this range? With what?
a) 19-22% ABV
| b) Aguardente - a 77% ABV neutral grape spirit
30
Who pioneered the rose style of port in the late 2000's?
Croft
31
What is the capacity of a pipe in the Duoro? In Vila Nova de Gaia?
a) 550L
| b) 620L
32
Until 1986, aging of all ports was required to take place in?
Vila Nova de Gaia
33
How long is Ruby Port typically aged before bottling?
2-3 years
34
When most vintage port be bottled from cask by?
July 30th of the third year after harvest
35
Single Quinta Vintage Port is what kind of port? What can it take the place of in an inclement vintage?
a) Ruby Port
| b) Vintage Port
36
Name a single quinta from the following houses:
a) Dow's
b) Taylor
c) Warre
a) Quinta do Bonfim
b) Quinta de Vargellas
c) Quinta de Cavadinha
37
How long does LBV port typically spend in cask?
4-6 years
38
T/F: A LBV port is always the product of a single vintage?
True
39
What does "Envelhecido em Garraffa" mean?
An additional 3yrs bottle aging for a LBV port
40
How long does reserve Tawny age in cask before bottling?
7 years
41
What are the age designations permissible for tawny port?
10 year
20 year
30 year
40 year
42
Most consider this age of Tawny to be the pinnacle of its flavor curve?
20 year
43
What is a Colheita Tawny port?
A vintage-dated port that spends a minimum seven years in cask
44
Preferred red and white grapes of port:
a) Red (60% min of blend) - Touriga Nacional, Touriga Frasca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao, Tinta Barroca, Bastardo
b) White - Guoveio, Malvasia, Esgana Cao, Viosinho
45
The "Torna Viagem" stands for what pertinent to Madiera?
Round-trips through the tropics while shipping
46
The two islands where Madiera DOP wines are produced?
Madeiera
| Porto Santo
47
What are "Poios?"
Basalt stone terraces that house the vineyards of Madiera
48
What are "latadas?"
Low trellises for pergola training in the vineyards of Madiera
49
The regulating body of Madiera?
IVBAM - Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira
50
Name four of the eight production companies of Madiera.
Henriques & Henriques (the oldest)
Madiera Wine Co
D'Oliviera's
Justino Henriques
51
The three types of Madiera exporters?
a) Independent wineries
b) Shipping companies that trade wine (select wines and label by shipper)
c) Partidistas - store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit
52
What is Sercial known locally as? Verdelho? Boal? Malmsey?
a) Esgana Cao
b) Gouveio
c) Bual
d) Malvasia Branca de Sao Jorge
53
This grape accounts for nearly 85% of Madiera production?
Tinta Negra
54
Wines from this grape produce fine styles of Madiera similar to that of Verdelho?
Terrantez
55
Amount of time that wine typically remains in the "estufa" for cooking?
At least 3mos
56
What is "Armazens de Calor?"
The warming of wine from rooms of warming tanks or steam pipes; an indirect and more gradual method of madierizing wine
57
The "Cantiero" process takes a minimum of how many years? Finest wines remain in cask for? Resulting in these; the most prized wines of Madiera?
a) At least two years
b) More than 20 years
c) Frasqueira
58
Which of the following grapes is known as Moscatel in Sherry country?
Muscat of Alexandria
59
What is the term for the additive used in the gradual and delicate fortification process of Fino Sherry?
Mitad y Mitad
60
List the four generally declared port vintages of the 21st century?
2000
2003
2007
2011
61
What is the highest alcohol content flor is able to withstand?
15.5%
62
What is the term for the Portuguese spirit commonly used for fortification?
Agaurdente
63
T/F: Porto, Madeira, and Muscatel do Sétubal have all been protected appellations longer than Douro.
True
64
Name the five best Port vintages between 1960 and 2000.
```
1963
1970
1977
1994
2000
```
65
```
List the following in order of their earliest possible release from earliest to latest (1 = earliest, 4 = latest).
A. Rivesaltes Ambré
B. Rivesaltes Grenat
C. Rivesaltes Hors d'Age
D. Rivesaltes Rosé
```
a)
b)
c)
d)
66
Fortification typically happens when with Madiera?
During fermentation; the earlier the fortification, the more residual sugar
67
What is "rainwater" Madeira?
A NV, 100% Tinta Negra wine popular in the USA. The youngest wine in the blend is no less than 3 years old
68
Arrange the NV styles of Madeira from least to most demanding aging requirements.
```
Seleccionado - 3-5yrs
Reserva - 5-10yrs
Reserva Especial - 10-15yrs
Extra Reserve - 15-20yrs
20, 30, 40yrs
```
69
Name three types of vintage Madeiras and briefly describe each.
Colheita - single vintage (85%) aged at least 5yrs prior to bottling
Frasqueira - Vintage Madeira aged for a minimum of 20yrs produced by Cantiero method
Vinho da Roda - Wines that underwent an ocean journey across the equator
70
The three towns at the heart of Sherry producution?
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
71
The two opposing winds in Jerez?
a) Levante - hot, dry wind that cooks the grapes on the vine
| b) Poniente - humid, cooling breeze that promotes the growth of flor
72
The three principal soil types of Jerez DO? Which typically produces the finest wines?
a) Albariza, Barros, Arenas
b) Albariza - chalky and limestone-rich. Found in high concentration in Jerez superior, a region of gently-sloping hills between Sanlucar de Barrameda and the Guadalete river
73
What is a "pago?"
A vineyard
74
The three white grapes authorized for Sherry production?
Palomino
Moscatel
Pedro Ximenez
75
Palomino is also known as?
Listan
76
Moscatel and Pedro Ximenez are typically used for this style of Sherry?
Sweet styles
77
As plantings of PX have diminished, producers have been granted the ability to outsource from this DO?
Montilla-Moriles
78
What is "soleo?"
The drying of grape bunches in the sun
79
Explain "vara y pulgar?"
(Jerez) A system of vine training by which growers prune alternate spurs each year
80
The three stages of must quality in sherry production?
Primera Yema - Free Run
Segunda Yema - Press wine
Mosto Prensa - back end of press wine destined for distillation
81
Traditional fermentation vessel for Sherry? Contemporary?
a) New American oak butts (600L)
| b) Stainless steel
82
The ABV of the base wine in Sherry?
11-12.5%
83
Fino and Manzanilla sherries are fortified to what ABV? Oloroso?
a) 15-15.5%
| b) 17-18%
84
Four conditions that allow "flor" to flourish.
Humid-wind
Lack of fermentable sugars
60-70deg temperatures
An ABV of 15-15.5%
85
Explain "sobretablas?"
An intermediary stage of 6mos to a year where wines that are developing under flor may have their path redirected
86
Explain the following classifications of sherry:
a) Palma
b) Palma Cortado
c) Palo Cortado
d) Raya
e) Dos Raya
a) fine, delicate sherry that will emerge as a a top Fino
b) more robust fino, may emerge as an Amontillado
c) A wine that was on a Fino path, but its richness calls for fortification to 17%, destroying the flor and aging oxidatively
d) flor on the wine dies and the wine is further fortified for oloroso
e) flor has been destroyed and the wine is coarse; wines are blended or sweetened and destined for low-quality bottlings
87
What is the "Criadera?"
Top-tier of the solera pyramid where new wines enter
88
The movement of wines between different levels of the solera is known as?
Trasiegos
89
ABV range for the following styles:
a) Fino
b) Amontillado
c) Oloroso
a) 15-18%
b) 16-22%
c) 17-22%
90
The three-tier classification of Gereroso wines from Sanlucar de Barrameda?
Manzanilla Fina
Manzanilla Pasada
Manzanilla Olorosa
91
What is "Cabeceo?"
The sweetening/blending of a sherry before sale
92
What is Dulce Pasa?
Must of sunned Palomino grapes used for adjusting final sweetness of a sherry
93
What is Mistela?
Must of sunned PX grapes used for adjusting final sweetness of a sherry
94
What are Vino Dulce Natural wines?
Wines made solely from sunned PX or Moscatel grapes which is then fortified leaving anywhere from 180-500g/l RS
95
Explain requirements for VOS and VORS wines.
a) VOS (Very old sherry) - wines from a solera with an average age of no less than 20yrs
b) VORS (Very Old Rare Sherry) - wines from a solera with an average age of no less than 30yrs
96
The pioneer of Marsala production?
John Woodhouse
97
When is Marsala fortified?
During or after fermentation
98
The three colors of Marsala wine production.
Ambra (lower quality)
Oro
Rubino
99
White grapes used in the production of Oro and Ambra Marsalas?
Grillo
Catarratto
Inzolia
Damaschino
100
Rubino Marsalas can be produced from?
Calabrese (Nero d'Avola)
Perrifone
Nerello Mascalese
101
Give the RS ranges for the three permissible levels of sweetness in Marsala?
Secco - < 40g/l
Semisecco - 40-100g/l
Dolce - > 100g/l
102
Give the four tiers of cask aging classification for Marsala wines?
```
Fine - 1yr
Superiore - 2yrs
Superiore Riserva - 4yrs
Vergine - 5yrs
Vergine Stravecchio - 10yrs
```
103
In what style are Vergine Marsalas made?
Secco
104
The consumate producer of Marsala?
Marco de Bartoli
