Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Formulations OSCE > Formulations > Flashcards

Formulations Flashcards

1
Q

Compare the Otrivine spray with the Vicks sinex pump spray. Which delivers the most accurate dose and why?

A

Vicks sinex pump spray - each dosage is measured by ‘priming’ the pump to the correct dose and so the same dose of drug is given each time. With the Otrivine however, the dose is simply ‘one application’ which is a subjective term.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which two excipients in Vicks will prevent microbial growth and why is it important to prevent microbial growth in medicines?

A

-Benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate solution
It is important to prevent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the likely function of sodium hydroxide in Vicks and why is this important in a nasal preparation?

A

NaOH is a base and so will neutrilse any acid, to prevent stinging in the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the excipients in Vicks is most likely to be the vehicle?

A

-purified water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the preservative used in Hypromellose and who cannot use them because of this preservative?

A

-Benzalkonium chloride is the preservative

Those with contact lenses cannot use these drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long can the Hypromellose drops be used for once opened and why?

A

4 weeks, to prevent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Whys is chewing Gaviscon beneficial to the action of the medicine?

A

Surface area of the particles is increased and so this will allow for easy absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why can Gaviscon tablets not be swallowed whole?

A

It is difficult to swallow whole but also because absorption is quicker when the particle surface area is larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 functions of mannitol in Gaviscon chewable tablets?

A
  1. sweetener
  2. to aid solubility
  3. for a smoother coating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What additional types of excipients are needed in a chewable tablet compared to a standard tablet and identify what these are in Gaviscon

A
  • flavouring (peppermint)

- sweetener (aspartame)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how an asprin tablet dissolves

A

the tablet breaks down slowly and fizzes (effervescent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify the excipient used in aspirin to make the product more palatable

A

Sodium saccharin - it increases solubility and is a sweetener

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Identify the excipient in aspirin used to aid dissolution, explain the mechanism by which this occurs:

A

Acid-base reaction: citric acid + calcium carbonate –> water + CO2 + salt (production of CO2 leads to effervescence)
Starch is also used to aid dissolution as it acts as a disintegrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the benefits to the patient of using a dispersible tablet as opposed to standard tablets?

A
  • works faster because if disintegrates

- easier to swallow so better for those who have trouble swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal dose of Nystan suspension in ml for a child and how can it be measured?

A

1ml of suspension 4 times a day - this is measured using the dropper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the flavour of Nystan and why is the flavour important?

A

Cherry and peppermint flavour

It is important as it masks the taste of the medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Identify the excipient used to increase the viscosity of Nystan and why is this important for the formulation?

A

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose

-to prolong the effect of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is Nystan for local or systemic use and why?

A

Local - treatment of thrush (anti-fungal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long should selsun shampoo be kept in contact with the skin and why?

A

2-3 minutes to ensure effective use by slowing down the growth of the layer of skin cells on the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What advice would you give to a patient who wishes to colour their hair after using Selsun?

A

Hair colouring shouldn’t be done for 2 days before or after using the shampoo

21
Q

Which excipient in Selsun shampoo is used as a suspending agent and can this excipient be used in oral suspensions?

A

Bentonite - no it can’t be used for oral suspensions as it has a thick consistency and so will stick to the skin and scalp.

22
Q

Which of the excipients causes the shampoo to foam and what group do they belong to and how do they clean the scalp?

A

Manoethanolarrine lauryl sulphate and Empigen BB

- surfactant, they form miclles with the oil (grease) and so makes it easy to wash off with water

23
Q

Is there a preservative in simple eye ointment and why?

A

no, because there is no water

24
Q

What is the main excipient in the simple eye ointment which may cause side effects in the patient and why?

A

Anhydrous lanolin (wool fat) - causes sensitivity and blurring

25
Q

Describe 2 disadvantages for the patient of using simple eye ointment compared to eye drops

A
  • difficult to measure a dose

- thicker so more difficult to apply

26
Q

Describe 2 advantages for the patient of using simple eye ointment compared to eye drops

A
  • less need for preservatives as patients may be allergic

- will remain in the eye (less likely to spill out)

27
Q

Identify the excipient in Dentinox colic drops which is an emulsifying agent and explain how it works

A

Carbomer - it swells in contact with water and absorbs the water by soaking it up,

28
Q

Identify the 2 excipients in Dentinox colic drops used to improve the palatability and how does each one do this?

A

sucrose - sweetener

dill oil - flavouring

29
Q

What is the preservative in dentinox colic drops?

A

nipasept (combination of preservatives)

  • ethyl parahydroxybenzoate E214
  • propyl parahydroxybenzoate E216
  • methyl parahydroxybenzoate E218
30
Q

Are dentinox colic drops o/w or w/o emulsion and why is this?

A

They are o/w
Dimetacone is the oil and when added to water and stirred, it eventually dissolves (the composition of water doesn’t change

31
Q

What is the excipient in Bazuka that is responsible for the drying effect and how does it work?

A

Ethanol - it evaporate off the skin, drying the gel out

32
Q

What is the excpient in Bazuka which is responsible for the colloidon nature of the product?

A

-pyroxin, it forms a film over the skin

33
Q

What is the function of camphor and caster oil in Bazuka gel?

A

Camphor makes the product waterproof

Caster oil makes the product flexible

34
Q

Does the patient need to use a plaster after using Bazuka?

A

No, because it has been formulated to stick to the skin and form a waterproof film over the verruca

35
Q

What type of breath actuated inhaler are easibreathe and autohaler and how are these inhalers different to a standard MDI inhaler?

A

Aerosol breath actuated, they are aerosols that deliver their dose when the patient is breathing in so there is no need for co-ordination of breath and actuation.

36
Q

Which 2 patient groups may benefit from using an easibreathe or autohaler and why?

A

Children – no need to co-ordinate breathing so is easier to use
Elderly – less need for manual desterity especially with easibreathe/no need to co-ordinate breathing

37
Q

For the autohaler, what is the function of the release slide on the bottom of the inhaler and when should the patient use this?

A

This is to test the inhaler is still working – a dose will be released if the inhaler is functioning properly. The inhaler should be tested if this is a new device or if the inhaler hasn’t been used for more than 2 weeks.

38
Q

Do these inhalers require a propellant? Explain your answer

A

Yes, as they are an aerosol inhaler they require a propellant to form a fine mist on actuation (have to prime it).

39
Q

What are Scoperderm patches used for and how long do they last for, why is this useful for the indication?

A

Spopaderm is used for travel sickness and lasts for 72hrs. They’re good for long haul, road trips, boat trips etc

40
Q

How long will it take for the Scoperderm patches to be effective and why?

A

The patch should be applied 5-6hrs before travelling as it will take this long for the medication to reach the blood stream in an effective concentration to prevent the travel sickness.

41
Q

Open the package and look at the patch, apply them to the tile provided. Describe the appearance of the patch and method used for the delivery of the drug in this patch?

A

Scopaderm is a round skin coloured patch with a liquid in the patch – this patch uses a rate limiting membrane to deliver the drug.

42
Q

Is it possible to swim or bathe while wearing the patch and what should the patient do if it falls off?

A

Yes but try not to stay in the water for too long in case it falls off. If it falls off just apply a new one and dispose of the old patch.

43
Q

With what is the nozzle of the cleet enema lubricated?

A

It is lubricated with WSP

44
Q

Give two reasons why it’s important not to refridgerate the cleet enema?

A
  • this will reduce the stability

- the liquid will be cold for the patient upon insertion

45
Q

What is the volume of liquid held inside the enema and how much is inserted into the rectum and why?

A

There’s 133ml inside the bottle but the delivered dose is only 118ml. The angle at which the enema is delivered means it’s difficult to get it all out and so a small residue will remain

46
Q

What type of pessary is the Canesten and how is it administered?

A

It is a pressed tablet pessary and it administered with an applicator

47
Q

Describe what happens when you add 100ml of the pessary to 100ml of water and which excipient causes this?

A

The tablet starts to disintegrate.

The starch is the disintegrant which causes this to happen, it’s important to allow the tablet to stabilise in fluid

48
Q

Can pessaries be used in pregnancy?

A

Yes but the patient should inform the doctor beforehand. It’s recommended to use without the applicator to prevent harming the baby.

49
Q

What is the function of hypromellose in pessaries?

A

it forms a film on the surface of the tablet allowing it to hold its shape

Formulations OSCE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions