Formulas & #s

Question 1

Parkland Burn Form for:
form:

Answer 1

= (BSA >20% only 2 & 3 degree burns)
= 4 mL x BSA x Weight (kg) = ½ 1st 8 Hrs & ½ next 16Hrs

Question 2

(60%) Fluid compartments % of water:

Answer 2

45% intracellular
15% extracellular (outside cell)
Interstitial 10.5% Intravascular 4.5%

Question 3

(Blood vol/ loss) Pelvis:
Femur:
Humorous:

Answer 3

= 2-3Liters
= 1.5Liters per femur
= 750ml per humorous

Question 4

(Class I Hemorrhage) 1 injuries:
2Compensation for blood:
3Blood Loss:
4Pulse:
5Vent rate, BP & Pulse Pressure:
6Cap-Refill:
7Urine Output (mL/hr):
8Mental Status:

Answer 4

1= Broken humorous 750mL
2= Healthy PTs can easily compensate for such blood volume loss
3= Blood Loss: < 15% (<750 mL’s)
4= Pulse: Slightly Tachy
5= all Normal
6= Cap-Refill <2secs
7= 30mL/Hr or more
8= Slightly Anxious

Question 5

(Class II Hemorrhage) 1 injuries:
2Compensation for blood:
3Blood Loss: 15 - 30%
4Pulse:
5Blood Pressure:
6Pulse Pressure:
7Capillary Refill:
8Ventilation Rate:
9Urine Output (mL/hr):
10Mental Status:

Answer 5

1= 1/2 Humorous fractures, a femur fracture, 1 full Hemopneumo
2= 1st line comp/ no longer maintain perfusion & 2ndary employed
3= 15 - 30% 750mLs-1.5L
4= > 100BPM
5= Normal
6= Starts to narrow
7= 2-3 secs
8= 20-30RR
9= (mL/hr) 20-30
10= Mildly Anxious

Question 6

(Class III Hemorrhage)1 injuries/fractures:
2 Compensation to blood:

3 Blood Loss:
4 Pulse:
5 Blood Pressure:
6 Pulse Pressure:
7 Capillary Refill:
8 Ventilation Rate:
9 Urine Output (mL/hr):
10 Mental Status:

Answer 6

1= 2 Humorous, 1-2femur, 1 full Hemopneumo
2= Both 1&2nd comp/ responses failing to maintain perfusion & entering/in Decompensated Shock! (SBP <90)
3= Blood Loss: 30 - 40%, (1500 - 2000 mL’s)
4= >120
5= Starts to decrease
6= Narrows more
7= 3-4secs
8= 30-40
9= 5-10mL/hr
10= Anxious/Confused

Question 7

(Class IV Hemorrhage) 1 injuries:
2= Compensation to blood:
3= blood loss:
4= Pulse:
5= Blood Pressure:
6= Pulse Pressure:
7= Capillary Refill:
8= Ventilation Rate:
9= Urine Output (mL/hr):
10= Mental Status:

Answer 7

1= GSWs, multiple major fractures, Pelvis
2= Irreversible Shock!
3= > 40% (>2000mLs) of total blood
4= > 140 & barely palpable in central arteries
5= Very low
6= Narrows more
7= > 5 seconds
8= > 40 or agonal
9= Negligible
10= Lethargic or Unconscious

Question 8

Burns) Critical Criteria) 3rd & 2nd Degree criteria:
Any 2nd or 3rd degree burns involving:
Burn types that’re critical & Rx:

Answer 8

= 3rd>10% & 2nd>30%
= Face, Hands, Genitalia, Circumferential, Feet, (Dipping), Airway
= Chem, high voltage, Burns w/ major trauma go trauma center 1st then burn center

Question 9

Hypovolemia Rx) If hemorrhage can be controlled:
If hemorrhage cannot be controlled:

Med for Sig/hemorrhage, in/external (after external controlled)

Answer 9

= IV/IO therapy (don’t delay transport) can administer 20 mL/kg bolus.
=administer just enough IV fluid to obtain a radial pulse (permissive hypotension therapy!)NO MORE SBP 80-90 (IV fluids Warm)
= Tranexamic Acid (TXA) Adult 1G/10 mins (mix in 50 mL of NS) follwed w/ 1G/8Hrs (500 mL bag) & Pediatric Not recommended

Question 10

Burns) Wallace Rule of 9s) used only for:
Adult %s:
infants (0-1):
Form:

Answer 10

= burns >10%
= 1 genitals, 9 head thoracic & ABDMN, distal anterior (applies to other areas) arm 4 ½
= head 18, arm 9, legs 13.5, 18 front thoracic & ABDMN
= # of child -1 > take away from head then give to each leg (Applicable up 10y/o) For every year beyond age 1, subtract 1 from head / that # & add it evenly between the 2 legs.

Question 11

Burns) Wallace Rule of 9s) used only for:
Adult %s:
infants (0-1):
Form:

Answer 11

= burns >10%
= 1 genitals, 9 head thoracic & ABDMN, distal anterior (applies to other areas) arm 4 ½
= head 18, arm 9, legs 13.5, 18 front thoracic & ABDMN
= # of child -1 > take away from head then give to each leg (Applicable up 10y/o) For every year beyond age 1, subtract 1 from head / that # & add it evenly between the 2 legs.

Question 12

Burns) Wallace Rule of 9s) used only for:
Adult %s:
infants (0-1):
Form:

Answer 12

= burns >10%
= 1 genitals, 9 head thoracic & ABDMN, distal anterior (applies to other areas) arm 4 ½
= head 18, arm 9, legs 13.5, 18 front thoracic & ABDMN
= # of child -1 > take away from head then give to each leg (Applicable up 10y/o) For every year beyond age 1, subtract 1 from head / that # & add it evenly between the 2 legs.

Question 13

Class 1 hem:
Class 2 hem:
Class 3 hem:
Class 4 hem:

Answer 13

= max 15% (750 mL’s) SNS main compensatory
= 15-30% (750-1500 mL’s)RAAS
= 30-40% (1.5-2L’s) comp to decomp SBP90
= >40% (>2Ls) irreversible

Question 14

Soft tissue) Healing stage 1:

Answer 14

1= Hemostasis, Inflam/, Epithelialization, Neovasc/, Collagen synthesis

Question 15

Adult ideal Men weight form:
Adult ideal Women weight form:

Answer 15

=50 kg + 2.3 kg X (Height (in)- 60)
=45.5 kg + 2.3 kg X (Height (in)-60)

Question 16

Pulse pressure:

Answer 16

= SBP-DBP

Question 17

Pulse pressure:
MAP:
CPP Cerebral Perfusion:

Answer 17

= SBP-DBP
= (PP/3) + DBP
= (MAP-ICP) + 10

Question 18

MAP:

Answer 18

= (PP/3) + DBP

Question 19

CPP Cerebral Perfusion:

Answer 19

= (MAP-ICP) + 10

Question 20

Blood:
Plasma:
Leukocytes:
Erythrocytes:

Answer 20

= Mixture of water, cells, proteins, & suspended elements.
= makes up 55% of the blood volume
= WBC & platelets make up the “Buffy Coat”
= RBC make up 45%

Question 21

BP bladder width should cover at least:
BP bladder length should cover between:
BP cuff should cover:

Answer 21

= 40 - 50% of the mid-arm circumference.
= 80-100% of the arm circumference.
= 2/3 of distance of upper arm (from the acromion to the olecranon)

Question 22

Cardiac output formula:

Answer 22

= SV x HR

Question 23

Blood Pressure formula:

Answer 23

= (SV x HR) x SVR / CO x SVR

Question 24

Cardiac Output:
Cardiac Output Formula:
Blood Pressure formula:

Answer 24

= amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 min (70mL)
= SV x HR
= (SV x HR) x SVR

Question 25

Celsius# to degrees Fahrenheit form Fahrenheit# to Celsius form

Answer 25

C# to F=(C# -32) / 1.8 F# to C= (1.8 x F) + 32

Question 26

Child Burn form:

Answer 26

(age#-1 from the head) / between 2 legs

Question 27

Compartment Syndrome: Rx 6 Ps:

Answer 27

= When injured, soft tissues within the compartment swell. Reduces blood flow to muscles and nerve tissues Deep, burning pain out of proportion to apparent injury. Leg most common location = make pain tollerable/take edge off = Pain – Pallor (loss of collor/ pale)– Paralysis (lack m-nt) – Paresthesia (lack of sense) – Pressure (feeling of tension) – Pulses (diminished or absent)

Question 28

Controlled hemo/ fluid dosing

Answer 28

20mL/Kg Warm NS

Question 29

Ejection Fraction (EF): <45% usually indicates: <30%:

Answer 29

= Ratio of blood pumped from the ventricle to the amount remaining @ the end of diastole/ %of blood pumped out from ventricle (60-70%) =<45% usually indicates in or going to CHF =<30% in CHF & chronic cardiac crip on oxy

Question 30

End-tidal gradient: CO2(ETCO2). Formula=

Answer 30

= Difference between partial pressure of arterial CO2(PaCO2) & end-tidal = PaCO2 - ETCO2 = End - Formula gradient

Question 31

ETCO2 levels <10 mmHg indicates

Answer 31

Minimum chance / NO ROSC

Question 32

ETT size range~

Answer 32

Adults (6.0-9.0) women~7-8 & man~8-9 Pedi tubes(2.5-5.5)

Question 33

ETCO2 Lvs in head-injured intubated PT shouldn't drop below: When vent/ing a adult PT, each breath should have tidal volume of:

Answer 33

= 30 mmHg = approximately 500mL

Question 34

FIO2% on nasal canula formula

Answer 34

(lpm x 4) + 20 ,ex 1lpm=24%

Question 35

Fluid accounts for ~% of the body’s weight, Only ~% of the fluid is contained in our vascular system

Answer 35

= 60% of the body’s weight, Only about 7% of the fluid is contained in our vascular system

Question 36

fluid replacement after perfusion rule: 4 2 1rule/ formula :

Answer 36

=back to normovolemia Used for every hr after to maintain = [A] 4ml/kg 1st 10 [B]2m/Kg 2nd 10kg [C]1ml/kG after per hour Used for every hour after to maintain

Question 37

Force: Force formula:

Answer 37

= force related to a objects mass(weight) and/or achange in velocity = mass x Acceleration

Question 38

Handtevy=

Answer 38

your hand 1,3,5,7,9 10,15,20,25,30→ weight in pedis

Question 39

calculate alveolar volume, minute volume, alveolar minute volume?

Answer 39

= Tidal Volume - Dead Space =RR x Tidal Volume = Alveolar Volume x RR

Question 40

How to estimate PEDI ET tube size: Uncuffed Cuffed

Answer 40

Uncuffed ET: (Age /4) + 4 OR (Age + 16) /4 Cuffed ET = (Age /4) + 3.5

Question 41

How to estimate pedi weight

Answer 41

(Age + 4) x 2 = Approximate weight in kg (Old Way) (Age x 3) + 7 = Approximate weight in kg (New Way

Question 42

hypoglycemic with PEDIs trick: hypoglycemia Rx for neonate: hypoglycemia Rx for infant:

Answer 42

= Lots of sick kids hypoglycemic so use bone marrow for BGL = <45BGL neonate = <60BGL infant

Question 43

If you were administering isotonic crystalloid solutions, how much would move out of the intravascular compartment within 1 hour?

Answer 43

2/3s would move out

Question 44

Kinetic energy: Kinetic Energy form:

Answer 44

=energy of a object in motion (by objects mass & its velocity = (Mass x Velocity ^2)/ 2 ½ x mv^2

Question 45

Lbs→ Kg=

Answer 45

of pounds / 2.2

Question 46

Lightning can still strike you if proximity up to:

Answer 46

up to 50yrds can strike you

Question 47

Moderate criteria) Superficial: Partial thickness burns: Full thickness burns:

Answer 47

= BSA >50% = BSA <30% = BSA <10%

Question 48

Normal blood pH range=

Answer 48

7.35 - 7.45 mmHg

Question 49

oxygen saturation form=

Answer 49

O2 content / O2 capacity x 100%

Question 50

Pedi intubation ETT location=

Answer 50

ETT Insertion is 2-3 cm below the vocal cords

Question 51

Phrenic nerve location

Answer 51

C-3-5

Question 52

Pulse pressure: Pulse pressure signifies: Pulse pressure <25 mmHg may be seen w/

Answer 52

= dif/ between DBP & SBP pressures (PP= SBP-DBP) = amount of force the heart generates with each contraction = PTs w/ sings of shock

Question 53

Respiration ratio=

Answer 53

1 sec inhalation 2 sec exhalation

Question 54

RSI Ideal Body Weight) Men formula Women formula

Answer 54

Men= 50 kg + (2.3 kg X (Height (in) - 60) Women= 45.5 kg + (2.3 kg X (Height (in) - 60)

Question 55

Rule of palm:

Answer 55

use of PT hand = 1% of BSA (burns <10%)

Question 56

"rule of thumb" for estimating the proper depth of an ETT=

Answer 56

Depth should be ~3x ETT size

Question 57

Stroke volume: 3 factors that affect stroke volume:

Answer 57

= amount of blood ejected by heart in 1 contraction, varies 60-100mLs w/ average 70mL = preload, afterload, & contractility

Question 58

Suction catheter size w/ ETT~ form:

Answer 58

ETT# x2

Question 59

Suctioning time limits:

Answer 59

Adults 15 secs max, Children= 10 secs max, Infants=5 secs max, ET/Trach tube= 5-10 secs max

Question 60

The blood volume of an infant or young child is proportionally: Population most at risk for trauma & trauma death:

Answer 60

= ~20%> than that of an adult = Young adult male

Question 61

ECG) Triplicate method: 6 sec method: R to R small box method: R to R big box method:

Answer 61

= for HR> Big box RR descends 300,150,100,75,50,50,43,38 = Count # of complexes in a 6-sec strip X 10 = Count small boxes between R waves then /1500 EX: 1500 / 22 = 68 = (only regular rhythm) Count big boxes between R waves then divide 300 by this number EX 300 / 4 = 75

Question 62

Ventri mask oxy%s:

Answer 62

24%, 28%, 35%, & 40%.

Question 63

JumpSTART made for: At what age do we use JumpSTART vs. START:

Answer 63

= Pedi injuries hit dif physchologically = 8Yrs 45kG 100lbs

Question 64

Dextrose 50%) D50: D50 to D25: D50 to D10:

Answer 64

= 25G/50mLs (0.5/mL) = Dilute by a factor of 2 (add equal Vol of fluid) = Dilute by a factor of 5 (add 4x Vol of fluid)

Question 65

Dextrose Pediatric Dosing

Answer 65

- Neonate (<2 months): D10W, 5-10 mL/kg IV - Infant (2Mn-2Yrs): D25W, 2-4 mL/kg IV - Child (>2Yrs): D50W, 1-2 mL/kg IV

Question 66

Dextrose birth - 2Mns dose:

Answer 66

5 - 10 mL / kg of D10

Question 67

Dextrose >Yrs dose:

Answer 67

1 - 2 mL / kg of D50

Question 68

Diltiazem/Cardizem)effects: 1st dose: 2nd dose:

Answer 68

= HypoBP, Pos/ CHF if used w/ beta-blockers , N/V/D, Dizziness, H/A = 0.25mg/kg w/ max dose of 20mg = 0.35 mg/kg w/ max dose of 25mg

Question 69

Dopamine) Effects: Dosing: Adult & Pedi Cardiac dose: Adult & Pedi Vasopressor dose:

Answer 69

= HyperBP, Palp/s, H/A, Dizzy, Can worsen C-ischemia, necrosis W/ Extravasation = 2–20 mcg/kg/min Titrate to response = 5-10mcg/kg/min = 10-20 mcg/kg/min

Question 70

Hydroxocobalamin/ Cyanokit) Adult Dose: 2nd Dose:

Answer 70

= 5Gs IV/ 15 mins. = May repeat 5Gs for (max 10Gs)

Question 71

Hydroxocobalamin/ Cyanokit) Kit has: 250mL bag w/ 10gtts:

Answer 71

= 2 vial (5Gs), 10gtts =167 gtts/min

Question 72

Lidocaine) Max dose: Maintenance Infusion dose:

Answer 72

= 3 mg/kg = 1-4mg/min (30-50 mcg/kg/min)

Question 73

Mag-Sulfate) Effects: Cardiac Arrest from hypomagnesemia or TdP: TdP w/ pulse:

Answer 73

= Flushing, Sweating, B-cardia, Resp/ depres/, Hypothermia = 1-2Gs diluted in 10 mL = 1-2Gs mixed in 50-100 mL admin/ed over 5-60mins

Question 74

Magnesium Sulfate) Adult Bronchodilation dose: Pediatric Bronchodilation dose:

Answer 74

= 1-2 grams IV / 10-20 minutes (Infusion) = 25-50 mg/kg IV (max 2Gs) /15-30 mins (Infusion)

Question 75

Magnesium Sulfate) Vials: Infusions:

Answer 75

= 50%, 25G/50mL vial is 0.5G/mL = Draw max range of doses to save time

Question 76

NORepi/ Levaphed) Adult Dose: Pediatric Dose:

Answer 76

= 0.1–0.5 mcg/kg/min IV/IO infusion = 0.1–2 mcg/kg/min IV/IO infusion

Question 77

Procainamide) max dose: Recurrent VF/VT: Urgent situations: Maintenance Infusion:

Answer 77

= (max total dose: 17mg/kg) = 20mg/min (max total dose: 17mg/kg) = up to 50mg/min may admin/ to total dose (max 17mg/kg) = 1-4mg/min

Question 78

Tranexamic Acid (TXA) Dose:

Answer 78

1G/10mins (mix in 50 mL bag of NS) Followed by 1G/8Hrs (500 mL bag NS).

Question 79

Lidocaine) Max dose: Cardiac Arrest from VF/pVT dose: Refractory VF dose: Perfusing Arrhythmia dose: Maintenance Infusion dose:

Answer 79

= 3 mg/kg = 1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO = may give additional 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV/IO in 5-10 mins = may give additional 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV/IO in 5-10 mins = 1-4mg/min (30-50 mcg/kg/min)

Question 80

Verapamil)1.May cause: 2. Effects: 3. Max total dose: 4. 1st dose: 5. 2nd dose:

Answer 80

1.= more profound hypotension response than that of Diltiazem 2.= Severe CHF may result if used w/ beta-blocker, N/V/D, Dizziness, H/A 3.= 20mg 4.=2.5-5mg IV/O bolus 2-3min 5.= 5-10mg over 2-3 mins