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Acids & Bases > Formulas, Reactions & pH > Flashcards

Formulas, Reactions & pH Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

Either:

  • Substances which want to donate one or more Hydrogen ions (aka protons), H+
  • Substances which are capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair.
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2
Q

What is a Base?

A

A substance that react with solutions containing Hydrogen ions

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3
Q

What are the products of this reaction?

Carbonate + acid →

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What are the products of this reaction?

Hydrogen carbonate + acid →

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water is an alkali.

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6
Q

What is the pH of Alkali solutions?

A

pH > 7

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7
Q

Which ion do Alkalis solutions have?

A

Hydroxide ion, OH-

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8
Q

What is an Alkali?

A

A Base that can be dissolved in water.

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9
Q

What pH range would you expect a weak alkali to be in?

A

pH 10 - 11

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10
Q

What pH range would you expect a strong alkali to be in?

A

pH 13 - 14

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11
Q

What is the pH scale used to measure?

A

The relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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12
Q

What is the numeric range of the pH scale?

A

0 - 14

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13
Q

How would you describe a solution with a pH of 2?

A

Strong acid

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14
Q

How would you describe a solution with a pH of 4?

A

Weak acid

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15
Q

How would you describe a solution with a pH of 8?

A

Weak alkali

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16
Q

How would you describe a solution with a pH of 13?

A

Strong alkali

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17
Q

How would you describe a solution with a pH of 7?

A

Neutral

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18
Q

What is neutralization?

A

The mixing of an acid and alkali (or visa versa) until the solution becomes neutral (pH of 7).

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19
Q

List four properties of Acids

A

pH of < 7

Taste sour

Are corrosive

Contain Hydrogen ions, H+

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20
Q

What are the products of this reactions?

acid + metal →

A

Salt + hydrogen

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21
Q

What are the products of this reactions?

acid + base →

A

Salt + water

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22
Q

What gas is present when lime water turns cloudy as the gas passes through it?

A

Carbon dioxide, CO2

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23
Q

What gas is present when a glowing splint reignites when put into a test tube?

A

Oxygen, O2

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24
Q

How many protons does Aluminium have?

A

13

25
Q

What are indicators used for in Chemistry?

A

Test solutions to show if they are acidic, neutral or alkaline

26
Q

What colour is Red Litmus go when testing an acid?

A

Red

27
Q

What colour is Red Litmus go when testing an alkali?

A

Blue

28
Q

What colour is Blue Litmus go when testing an acid?

A

Red

29
Q

What colour is Blue Litmus go when testing an alkali?

A

Blue

30
Q

What colour is Red Litmus go when testing a neutral solution?

A

Red

31
Q

What colour is Blue Litmus go when testing a neutral solution?

A

Blue

32
Q

What is the colour range of Universal Indicators?

A

Red for acid through to Purple for Alkali

33
Q

What are all metal oxide and metal hydroxides?

A

They are all Bases

34
Q

What is the chemical formula for Hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

35
Q

What is the chemical formula for Sulfuric Acid?

A

H2SO4

36
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

37
Q

What is the chemical formula for zinc sulfate?

A

ZnSO4

38
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O

39
Q

What is the chemical formula for sodium carbonate?

A

NaHCO3

40
Q

What is the chemical formula for copper hydroxide?

A

Cu(OH)2

41
Q

What is the chemical formula for aluminium oxide?

A

Al2O3

42
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

A

CO2

43
Q

What an OH- ion?

A

Hydroxide ion

44
Q

What is a HCO3- ion?

A

Hydrogen carbonate ion

45
Q

What is a NO3- ion?

A

Nitrate ion

46
Q

What is a SO4^2- ion?

A

Sulfate ion

47
Q

What must be remembered about charges when writing the formula for a substance?

A

+ charges must equal - charges

48
Q

Explain why alkalis are different from Bases

A

Alkalis are made of those Bases which are soluble in water.

49
Q

What numbers must be the same of each side of a chemical equation?

A

The number of atoms

50
Q

How can you increase the number of atoms when balancing an equation?

A

By putting a number in front of the reactant or product. (coefficient)

51
Q

What are reactants?

A

Substances that are brought together to create a chemical reaction.

52
Q

What are products?

A

Substances formed by a chemical reaction.

53
Q

What must never be changed in chemical reactions?

A

The formulae of the reactants or products.

54
Q

When this reaction, hydrogen carbonate + acid → , occurs how can you tell a gas is produced?

A

There is a fizz, gas bubbles can be seen in the liquid.

55
Q

What needs to be present along with Bicarbonate of Soda (Baking soda) for the Baking to rise?

A

An acid

56
Q

How many Groups are there in the Periodic table?

A

18

57
Q

What do elements in the same Group have in common?

A

Similar configurations of electrons in their valence shell.

58
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance where two or more element or compounds are combined physically but not chemically bonded to each other.

Acids & Bases (3 decks)

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