Formulas and Math Facts

Question 1

What is the equation for Velocity (estimated)?

Answer 1

Ve= deltaF * C / 2 * Fo * (Cos 0)

Question 2

What is the equation for delta F?

Answer 2

delta F= 2 * Fo * (Cos O) / C

Question 3

What is the BUC relationship?

Answer 3

SP

BUC | SA

Question 4

What is the Duty Factor Relationship regarding temporal peaks and averages?

Answer 4

TA

DF | TP

Question 5

What is the Intensity equation?

Answer 5

Intensity= amplitude 2 / 2 p V

Question 6

what does p represent?

Answer 6

Density

Question 7

What does V represent?

Answer 7

speed or velocity

Question 8

What does C represent?

Answer 8

the propagation speed in of sound

not always in soft tissue

Question 9

What is the propagation speed of sound in soft tissue?

Answer 9

1540 m/s

Question 10

What PRF is required to avoid aliasing?

Answer 10

2 X the highest frequency shift

Question 11

what is the relationship between PRP and PRF

Answer 11

They are reciprocals
PRP=1/PRF
PRF= 1/PRP

Question 12

If your PRP is 0.5 seconds, what is your PRF?

Answer 12

If the Pulse repetition period is 1/2 second, the two pulses can occur in one second. The PRF is a frequency of repetition, so report it as 2Hz

Question 13

how do you calculate Pulse Duration? (PD)

Answer 13

PD = (cpp) (period)

Question 14

how do you calculate CPP (cycles per pulse)?

Answer 14

CPP = PD * F

Question 15

What is the Duty Factor Relationship regarding PRP and PD?

Answer 15

PD
DF | PRP
(or DF = PD * PRF)

Question 16

What is the equation to determine Quality Factor?

Answer 16

Fo

QF | B/W

Question 17

What is the equation to derive the wave length of a frequency?

Answer 17

C / f

Question 18

What is the equation to calculate IRC?

Answer 18

z2-z1
z2+z1 Squared x 100

or reflected intensity / incident intensity X 100

Question 19

What is the equation to calculate ITC?

Answer 19

1 - IRC

Question 20

What are the rules for oblique angles?

Answer 20

if:
V2 > V1, then t > i

V2 < V1, then t , i

rule of thumb: relate to the second medium:
if v2 bigger, angle t is bigger
if v2 smaller, angle t is smaller

Question 21

which equation will you use to calculate IRC with intensity info and which with impedence info?

Answer 21

reflected / incident X 100 for intensities

z2-z1
z2+z1 squared X 100 for Impedences

Question 22

which measurement parameter best predicts tissue heating?

Answer 22

SPTA

Question 23

What is the upper limit of safe exposure to sound energy?

Answer 23

100mW/cm2, unfocused

Question 24

which measurement parameter best predicts tissue cavitation?

Answer 24

SPTP

Question 25

What is the attenuation equation?

Answer 25

attenuation = 0.5 X CM X MHz

Question 26

What is the relationship for wavelength?

Answer 26

C

wavelength | F