formulas and basics Flashcards
what is the formula for velocity
length / time
what is the formula for acceleration
velcity / time m/s or km/h
what is the formula for force
mass x acceleration newtons=N
formula for pressure/stress
force / area 1N/1m2 =1Pa
what is the formula for area
length x length m2
formular for volume
length x width x height
what is density
density is the mass of a body which occupies a volume, over that volume,
how do you calculate bodys weight
To calculate a body’s weight, we need to multiply its mass by the acceleration that it receives from Earth: the gravitational acceleration g = 9.8 m/s2 For example, if an object has a mass of 15 kg, its weight is: w = 15 kg x 9.8 m/s2 = 147 N
what are vectors
Vectors are mathematical entities defined by two characteristics
Direction (a)
Magnitude (m)
the formula for Newton second law
force= mass x acceleration
what is a structure
A structure is a device that helps maintaining an objects shape
In a building a structure are the components that transfer the load (force) into the ground
what is a beam
Horizontal element which resits to shear, bending, and sagging
what is a column
Vertical element which resits to crushing and lateral buckling
what is a brace
diagonal element which resists to rupture/break, buckling and sway
what is shear force
A shear force describes the internal force that acts parallel to a surface trying to slide or deform one part of a surface relative to another
It can be vertical and horizontal
what is bending movement
The reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend
what is the formula for perpendicular force
Perpendicular distance= Force x Distance
what is compression force
(or compressive force) occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object, causing it to become compacted
what is Lateral Torsion Buckling
When a beam subjected to loads results in both lateral displacement and twisting, then it is said to undergo lateral-torsional buckling.
wood elements
Low cost
Often available
Engineered timber to overcome structural barriers
Can be treated to improve fire and rot resistance
Not easy to recycle
Concrete elements
Mix based on water, inert, sand, gravel, cement, additives
Takes many shapes
Made with on site formworks or precast
Has minimal tensile strength
Good in compression
Its tensile strength can be supplemented with rebars
Not easy to recycle
mansory
Inert objects bonded with filler
Inert might be clay bricks, blocks, cut stone, concrete components
Filler is cement and lime mortar also limited tensile strength
Rebars can be used to increase its transversal strength
No easy way to recycle
steel
Most versatile building material
Usually used for columns, beams, braces, reinforcing bars, connections
Reliable in quality control
Buckling (sudden change in shape under load) can be a problem
Can be created to resist fire or corrosion
Recyclable and reuseable
formula for mass
density x volume
formula for force
mass x acceleration
1m to cm
100 cm
1m2 to cm2
104cm2
1m3 to cm3
106cm3
area for a triangle
base x height divide by 2
what is the difference between mass in structures and weight in structures
Mass in Structures is the weight in real life, and Weight in Structures is the force.
formula for weight
mass x gravitational accerlation (9.8m/s) Newtons.
