Formulas Flashcards
MOH Formula
FC+VC/ Driver
%Change
current-prior/prior
market interest rate
risk free rate + inflation premium
inflation factor
current CPI/ Previous CPI
Worth after inflation
Real value/ 1 + inflation
Price Elasticity
Change in quantity demand/ change in price demanded
GDP multiplier
1/MPS or reserve ratio
Forward premium or discount
(forward rate-spot rate/ spot rate) * total/amount in forward
Expected Return
Variance
good probability * % + bad probability * %
good probability * (%- expected return)2 + bad probability * (% - expected return)2
ARR
annual NI/ average (initial investment)
NPV
PVFCF - investment
NPV =, greater than, less than 0 IRR effect
direct relationship
Inventory Conversion Period
AVG inventory/ (COGS/365)
Average Receivables
AVG receivables/ (credit sales/365)
Payables deferral period
AVG payables/ (COGS/365)
Conversion cycle
inventory + receivables - payable
EOQ
(2* cost of placing an order(SETUP COSTS)(ONLY VARIABLE COST) * demand/cost of carrying) square rooted
days sales outstanding
receivables/sales per day
nominal annual cost
(discount/100 - discount)x 365/ total days - discount days
effective interest rate
interest paid/ principle available (principle - DISCOUNTED interest ONLY - compensating balance)
DOL
% change in operating income/ % change in unit volume(SALES)
contribution margin/ CM- fixed costs
DFL
% change in EPS/ % change in EBIT
change in NI/change in operating income
DEBT/EQUITY
CAPM
risk free + (mkt - risk free) *beta coefficient
Cost of CS/ Alternate CAPM
(expected dividend/ current price(1- float cost) + growth rate in earnings
cost of bond issue
interest rate * (1 - effective rate)
cost of preferred stock
Total dividend amt/ issue price
ROI (3)
NI/ TA
NI/Sales *Sales/AVG investment
Return on Sales * Capital/Asset Turnover
ROS(profit margin) * Asset Turnover ratio
RI
NI - Interest on Investment
EVA
NOPAT - (total asset- current liabilities) WACC
NOPAT - cost of capital
Free flow cash
NOPAT
+ Dep
- cap expenditure
- change in WC requirements
Profit Margin
NI after interest and taxes/ net sales
Operating Profit Margin
Operating Profit/ Net sales
Return on Equity
NI after interest and taxes/ avg CS equity
Dividend Payout Ratio
Cash Dividend per CS/ Earnings per CS
Receivables turnover
Net credit sales/ AVG A/R
Average Collection Period
AVG AR/ Avg sales per day
Inventory turnover
COGS/ AVG inventory
Fixed Asset Turnover
Sales/ AVG FA
total asset turnover
sales/ avg total asset
Quick Ratio excludes
INVENTORY
Times interest earned
earning BEFORE interest and taxes/ interest expense
Price/earnings ratio
stock price per share/ earnings per share
BV per share
CS equity/ # of shares outstanding
Breakeven with a profit
sales- vc-fc
Units to breakeven
FC/CM
Dollars to breakeven
FC/CM RATIO
Target NI
SPX = VCX + FC + (target % *SPX)
Real GDP
nominal rate/price index
Net Domestic Production
GDP - depreciation
National Income
NDP - indirect business taxes - net foreign factor income
PI
NI - corp taxes - undistributed profits - SS contributions + transfer payments
DI
PI - personal taxes
Marginal Propensity to Consume
change in level of consumption/ change in disposable incme
Reserve Ratio
Reserves/ Total demand deposits
Income Approach
Wages + Rental Income + Dividends
Expenditure Approach
Personal Consumption + investments (net imports - exports) + gov acquisitions
Lowest Cost Formula
of units * carrying costs/ stock outs costs * probability of running out * PO
OH Rate
Estimated OH/ Estimated DL
APPLIED OH
OH * Actual DL
Gross Margin
Sales - COGS
Weighted Avg
Completed + Spoiled Goods + Completed EWIP
Excess of PV index
PV of FCF - tax - depreciation / Initial * 100
excess id greater than 100 then return exceeds required
ARR
NI/ investment (no time value)
payback
initial investment/ annual CF
Inflation Rate
Risk free - nominal rate
Return on CS
dividends % * sale price/ beg. price - flotation costs
NPV for items with additional investment
PV of FCF * Annuity
PV of additional investment
- initial investment
- additional investment
operating profit margin
sales - COGS - NI / Total sales
Predetermined OH
estimated VOH/ Estimated Activity Level
Profit Center Income
Controllable Rev
Controllable Costs
Company’s Preferred Cost
(PAR * % issued/FMV - issuance costs
Planned Debt Financing
Actual Interest/Actual Cost incurred
Usage
Purchases + BI - EI
Production/Purchases
COGS + EI - BI
Contribution Margin
Change in Rev/ Change in Volume
Special Orders
Opportunity Costs + DM + DL + VOH
Real GDP
nominal GDP/price index
Economic Rate Return
(Dividends + Change in price) ÷ Beginning price
Reserve Ratio
Reserve/Total demand deposits
Average inventory with EOQ model
EOQ/2 + safety stock
Safety Maximum Average Daily
stock / Reorder point
Reorder Purchase point
= (lead time - lead time) x usage
= lead time units + safety stock
Collection Ratio
= A/R/Average Daily Sales
debt ratio
total debt/total assets
Return on Equity
Sales/Equity