Formulas

Question 1

Gradient Required (Feet/NM)

Answer 1

Altitude to Lose

Distance to Travel

Question 2

VVI Required

Answer 2

Gradient x NM/Min

Question 3

Pitch Change

Answer 3

Gradient

100

or 1° Pitch Change = 100 ft/Nm

Question 4

Turn Radius (TR) 90°

Answer 4

NM/MIN - 2

Question 5

Lead Point for Radial to Arc

Answer 5

Desired Arc + TR

Question 6

Distance From Station

Answer 6

TAS x Minutes Flown

Degrees of Bearing Change

Question 7

VVI for 3° Glideslope

Answer 7

GS x 10

2

Question 8

Teardrop Entry - Bank Angle Required

Answer 8

TR x 60

Distance Between Radials

Question 9

45/180 Maneuver

Answer 9

(3 x TR) + 2

Question 10

80/260 Maneuver

Answer 10

3 x TR

Question 11

Bank Angle to Maintain Arc

Answer 11

(30/Arc) x TR

Question 12

Teardrop Distance Outbount

Answer 12

TR x 120

Degrees Between Radials

Question 13

WX Radar Tops

Answer 13

(Dist x Tilt) x 100

Question 14

Drift Angle

Answer 14

Crosswind Component

NM/MIN

Question 15

Arc to Radial Leadpoint

Answer 15

(60 x TR)

Arc or DME

Question 16

Calculate TAS

Answer 16

( FL / 2 ) + IAS

Question 17

Time To Station

Answer 17

60 x Time b/t Bearings

Bearing Change

Question 18

Crosswind Component

Answer 18

Crosswind Angle + 20

Question 19

Headwind Component

Answer 19

30° = 90%

45° = 70%

60° = 50%

Question 20

TD

Answer 20

TR x 2

Question 21

Holding - Outbound Leg Correction

Answer 21

1 Minute Legs = 3600 / Inbound Time

1.5 Minute Legs = 8100/Inbound Time

Question 22

Hydroplane Speed

Answer 22

9 x Sq.Rt. Tire Pressure

Question 23

VDP in TIme

Answer 23

Final Approach Time - (HAT / 10)

Question 24

L/D MAX Formula

Answer 24

4(M + 3) / M

Question 25

°C to °F

Answer 25

°F = ((°C x 2) -10%) + 32

Question 26

°F to °C

Answer 26

°C = ((°F -32) + 10%)) / 2

Question 27

Lift Equation

Answer 27

L = ½pV²ACL

Where:

L = Lift in Pounds

p = air density

V = TAS

A = Wing Surface Area

CL = Coeifficient of Lift at desired AOA

Question 28

Stall Speed Increases…

Answer 28

In Proportion to the Square Root of Load Factor

Example: 45kt stall 4g.

Vs x Sqr. Rt. G’s

45 x Sq. Rt. 4 = 90 kts

Question 29

Estimating Cloud Bases °C

Answer 29

Temp - Dew Point

2.5

Question 30

Bank Angle for Standard Rate Turn

Answer 30

(TAS / 10) x 1.5

Question 31

Required Pitch with Wind

Answer 31

Each 60 kts of wind will change pitch 1°

Question 32

Triple Drift

Answer 32

Hold 3x inbound drift on oubound leg

for the same amount of time spent in 180° Turn.

180° Turn = (1% TAS/2)

Result in decimals of a minute.

Question 33

Specific Range

Answer 33

NM Flown = TAS x 1000

1000 FF in Lbs/Hr

Question 34

Diversion Altitude

Answer 34

10% of DIstance to Alternate + 5

e.g. 200 nm = 20 + 5 = FL250

Question 35

Time to Station

Answer 35

60 x Time b/t Bearings

Bearing Change