Formulas

Question 1

Cardiac Output

Answer 1

Stroke volume x Heart rate
(SV x HR = CO)

Question 2

CaO2

Answer 2

Arterial O2 Content
(Hb x 1.36 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

Question 3

DO2

Answer 3

Oxygen Delivery
(CO x CaO2)

Question 4

O2ER

Answer 4

Oxygen Extraction Ratio
(VO2/DO2)

Question 5

Canine shock bolus

Answer 5

90mL/kg (total blood volume)

Question 6

Feline shock bolus

Answer 6

70mL/kg (total blood volume)

Question 7

Isotonic fluid challenge formula

Answer 7

3-5mL/kg over 5 mins

Question 8

Synthetic colloid bolus and total shock dose

Answer 8

2-5mL/kg over 30 min (total shock dose 10-20mL/kg in dogs and 5-10mL/kg in cats)

Question 9

Hypertonic Bolus

Answer 9

3-5mL/kg of 7-7.5% NaCl over 10-20min

Question 10

pRBC or FFP typical dose

Answer 10

10-20mL/kg over 2-4hrs

Question 11

Fresh Whole Blood

Answer 11

20-30mL/kg over 2-4hrs

Question 12

Plasma Osmolality

Answer 12

2(Na + K) + [(BUN/2.8) + (glucose/18)]
Normal = 290-310

Question 13

Effective Osmolality

Answer 13

2(Na+) + (glucose/18)

Question 14

Arterial BP

Answer 14

HR x SV

Question 15

MAP

Answer 15

(SBP + 2DBP)/3

Question 16

Pulse pressure

Answer 16

SBP-DBP

Question 17

Shock Index

Answer 17

HR/SBP

Question 18

BP

Answer 18

SVR x CO

Question 19

Laplace’s Law

Answer 19

Wall stress = (pressure x radius)/(wall thickness)

Question 20

Minute ventilation

Answer 20

TV x RR

Question 21

Insensible losses (normal)

Answer 21

20mL/kg/d

Question 22

A-a gradient

Answer 22

PAO2 = (FiO2 x (Patmos -PH20)) - (PaCO2/Rq)
Fraction of inspired O2- 0.21 in rm air
Atmospheric pressure- 760mmHg
Partial pressure of water- 47mmHg at sea level
Respiratory quotient- 0.8

Question 23

Volume to be transfused (pRBC)

Answer 23

[BW(kg) x (90 in dog or 70 in cat)] x [(desired PCV - pt PCV) / (donor PCV)]
OR
Desired PCV % increase x 1.5 x BW (kg)

Question 24

RER

Answer 24

2-45kg: [BW(kg) x 30] + 70
<2kg or >45kg: [BW(kg) x 70]^0.75

Question 25

RER for water

Answer 25

1mL = 1kCal of RER

Question 26

Corrected Na

Answer 26

(PtNa+) + [(Pt BG - 100 (normal BG))/100) x 1.6]

**if glucose >400 x 2.4 instead

Question 27

Losses

Answer 27

Sensible: urination 20mL/kg/d, defecation 10mL/kg/d
Insensible (skin/resp): 20mL/kg/d
Normal = 50mL/kg/d

Question 28

Fluid deficit

Answer 28

10mL/kg per every 1% dehydration
OR
% dehydration x BW (kg) x 1000 x 0.8
(1kg H2O = 1000mL)

Question 29

Free water deficit

Answer 29

[(current Na) / (normal Na) -1] x [0.6 x BW(kg)]

Question 30

Maintenance fluids

Answer 30

Dog: (kg)^0.75 x 132
Cat: (kg)^0.75 x 80

Question 31

Na deficit calculation

Answer 31

(target Na - pt Na) x (0.6 x lean BW(kg))