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AS Level Business Studies > Formulas > Flashcards

Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for percentage change?

A

(new figure - original figure) / original figure * 100

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2
Q

What is the formula for Revenue?

A

Selling price per unit * quantity sold

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3
Q

What is the formula for Total variable costs?

A

Variable cost per unit * number of units sold

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4
Q

What is the 2 formula for Profit?

A

total revenue - total costs OR total contribution - fixed costs

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5
Q

What is the formula for Market capitalisation?

A

Number of issued shares * Current share price

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6
Q

What is the formula for Expected Value?

A

Probability of an outcome occurring * the pay-off

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7
Q

What is the formula for Net gain?

A

Expected value - initial costs

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8
Q

What is the formula for Market growth (%)

A

(New market size - Old market size) / Old market size * 100

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9
Q

What is the formula for Market Share (%)

A

Sales / Total market size * 100

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10
Q

What is the formula for Sales growth (%)

A

(Sales this year - Sales last year) / Sales last year * 100

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11
Q

What is the formula for Price elasticity of demand

A

% change in quantity / % change in price

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12
Q

What is the formula for Income elasticity of demand

A

% change in quantity / % change in income

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13
Q

What is the formula for Added value?

A

Sales revenue - Cost of bought-in goods and services

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14
Q

What is the formula for Capacity Utilization (%)

A

Output / capacity * 100

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15
Q

What is the formula for Unit cost

A

Total cost / Units output

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16
Q

What is the formula for Labour Productivity

A

Output per period / Number of employees

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17
Q

What is the formula for Re-order level

A

Lead time (in days or weeks) * average (daily or weekly) usage + buffer stock level

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18
Q

What is the formula for Return on investment?

A

Return on investment / Cost of investment * 100

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19
Q

What is the formula for Percentage change in profit

A

(Current Year’s profit - Previous year’s profit) / Previous year’s profit * 100

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20
Q

What is the formula for Gross Profit

A

Sales revenue - Cost of sales

21
Q

What is the formula for Operating profit

A

Sales revenue - cost of sales - operating expenses

22
Q

What is the formula for Profit of the year (Net profit)

A

Operating profit + Other profit - Net finance costs - tax

23
Q

What is the formula for Gross profit Margin (%)

A

Gross profit / Sales revenue * 100

24
Q

What is the formula for Operating profit margin (%)

A

Operating profit / Sales revenue * 100

25
Q

What is the formula for Profit of the year margin (%)

A

Profit of the year / sales revenue * 100

26
Q

What is the formula for Net cash flow

A

Cash inflow - cash outflow

27
Q

What is the formula for Closing balance

A

Opening balance + net cash flow

28
Q

What is the formula for Contribution per unit

A

Selling price per unit - variable cost per unit

29
Q

What is the formula for Total contribution (2 ways)

A

(total revenue - total variable cost) OR (contribution per unit * number of units sold)

30
Q

What is the formula for Break-even output

A

fixed cost / contribution per unit

31
Q

What is the formula for Margin of safety

A

actual output - break-even output

32
Q

What is the formula for labour productivity

A

Output per period / number of employees

33
Q

What is the formula for labour cost per unit

A

Labour costs / Units of output

34
Q

What is the formula for Employee costs as a % of turnover

A

Employee costs / Sales turnover * 100

35
Q

What is the formula for Labour turnover (%)

A

Number of staff leaving / Average number of staff employed * 100

36
Q

What is the formula for Labour retention (%)

A

(Number of staff employed at end of period - Number of leavers) / Number of staff employed at start of period * 100

37
Q

What is the formula for Variance

A

Budgeted figure - actual figure

38
Q

What is the formula for Return of Capital employed

A

Operating profit / (total equity + non-current liability) * 100

39
Q

What is the formula for Current ratio

A

Current assets / current liabilities

40
Q

What is the formula for Gearing (%)

A

Non - current liability / (Total equity + non-current liabilities) * 100

41
Q

What is the formula for payable days

A

payables / cost of sales * 365

42
Q

What is the formula for Receivable days

A

Receivable / Revenue * 365

43
Q

What is the formula for Inventory turnover

A

Cost of sales / Average inventories held

44
Q

What is the formula for average rate of return (%)

A

Average annual return / Initial cost of project

45
Q

What is the formula for working capital

A

current assets - current liabilities

46
Q

What is the formula for Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

total consumer spending + business investment + government spending + value of exports - value of imports

47
Q

What is the formula for Average Rate of Return (ARR)

A

average net return / investment * 100

48
Q

What is the formula for payback period

A

amount invested / annual net return

AS Level Business Studies (4 decks)

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