formulas Flashcards

1
Q

Market share

A

(sales of product or business/ total market sales) x100

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2
Q

PED

A

% change in quantity demanded/ % change in price

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3
Q

YED

A

% change in income/ % change in income

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4
Q

Net cash flow

A

total inflows - total outflows

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5
Q

Sales volume

A

no.of units sold in a period of time

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6
Q

Sales revenue

A

sales volume x unit price

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7
Q

Total variable costs

A

no.of units sold x variable cost per unit

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8
Q

Total costs

A

fixed costs + variable costs

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9
Q

Contribution per unit

A

selling price per unit - variable cost per unit

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10
Q

Total contribution

A

contribution per unit x no.of units sold

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11
Q

Break even

A

fixed costs/ contribution per unit

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12
Q

Variance

A

actual - budget

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13
Q

Gross profit

A

sales revenue - cost of sales

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14
Q

Operating profit

A

gross profit - overheads

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15
Q

Net profit

A

operating profit - finance costs

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16
Q

Gross profit margin

A

(gross profit/ sales revenue) x100

17
Q

Current ratio

A

current assets/ current liabilities

18
Q

Acid test ratio

A

(current assets - stock) / current liabilities

19
Q

Productivity

A

output per period/ no.of employees

20
Q

Capacity utilisation

A

(actual output/ maximum possible output) x100

21
Q

ARR

A

(net return from project/ no.of years)/ initial cost of project x100

22
Q

Payback period

A

amount invested/ annual cash flow

23
Q

Present value

A

cash flow x discount factor

24
Q

Gearing

A

non current liabilities/ capital employed x100

25
Q

ROCE

A

operating profit/ capital employed x100

26
Q

Labour turnover

A

(no.of staff leaving in a period of time/ avg no.of staff employed over period of time) x100

27
Q

Labour retention

A

(no.of employees remaining/ avg no.of employees over same period of time) x100

28
Q

Absenteeism

A

(no.of staff absent over period of time/ avg no.of employees over same period of time) x100

29
Q

Mark up

A

profit per item - cost per item x100