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MCAT CHEM+PHYSICS > FORMULAS > Flashcards

FORMULAS Flashcards

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1
Q

Universal Gravitation Equation

A

F = G (m1 * m2) / r2, where G = 6.67 x 10-11

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2
Q

Kinetic Friction Equation

A

Fk = μk * N

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3
Q

Kinematics (no displacement)

A

v = vi + (a * t)

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4
Q

Kinematics (no final velocity)

A

x = (vi * t) + ((a * t2) / 2)

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5
Q

Kinematics (no time)

A

v2 = vi2 + (2 * a * x)

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6
Q

Kinematics (no acceleration)

A

x = v_bar * t

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7
Q

Centripetal Force

A

Fc = (m * v2) / r

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8
Q

Torque

A

τ = r * F = r * F * sinθ

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9
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

K = (1/2) * m * v2

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10
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

U = m * g * h

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11
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

E = (1/2) * k * x2

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12
Q

Total Mechanical Energy

A

E = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy

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13
Q

Definition of Work (mechanial)

A

W = F * d = F * d * cosθ

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14
Q

Definition of Work (isobaric gas-piston system)

A

W = P * ΔV

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15
Q

Definition of Power

A

P = W / t = ΔE / t

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16
Q

Work-Energy theorem

A

Wnet = ΔK = Kf - Ki

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17
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

Fout/ Fin

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18
Q

Efficiency

A

Wout / Win =
((load) * (load distance)) / ((effort) * (effort distance))

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19
Q

Temperature Conversions (Farenheit -> Celcius, Kelvin -> Celcius)

A

F = (9 / 5) * C + 32
K = C + 273

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20
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

ΔL = α * L * ΔT

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21
Q

Volume Expansion

A

ΔV = β * V * ΔT

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22
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

ΔU = Q - W

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23
Q

Heat Gained or Lost (with temperature change)

A

q = m * c * ΔT

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24
Q

Heat Gained or Lost (phase change)

A

q = m * L

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25
Q

Entropy and Heat

A

ΔS = Qrev / T

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26
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

ΔSuniverse = ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings > 0

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27
Q

Density

A

ρ = m / V

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28
Q

Weight of a Volume of Fluid

A

Fg = ρ * V * g

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29
Q

Specific Gravity

A

SG = ρ / (1g / cm3)

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30
Q

Pressure

A

P = F / A

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31
Q

Absolute Pressure

A

P = P0 + (ρ * g * z)

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32
Q

Gauge Pressure

A

Pgauge= P - Patm= (P0 + (ρ * g * z)) - Patm

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33
Q

Pascal’s Principle

A

P = F1 / A1 = F2 / A2

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34
Q

Buoyant Force

A

Fbuoy = ρfluid * Vfluid displaced* g = ρfluid* Vsubmerged * g

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35
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

Q = (π * r4 * ΔP) / (8 * η * L)

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36
Q

Critical Speed

A

vc= (Nr * η) / (ρ * D)

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37
Q

Continuity Equation

A

Q = v1 * A1 = v2 * A2

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38
Q

Bernoulli’s Equation

A

P1 + ((1/2) * ρ * v12) + (ρ * g * h1) = P2 + ((1/2) * ρ * v22) + (ρ * g * h2)

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39
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

Fe = (k * q1 * q2) / r2

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40
Q

Electric Field

A

E = Fe / q = (k * Q) / r2

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41
Q

Electric Potential Energy

A

U = (k * Q *q) / r

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42
Q

Electric Potential (from electric potential energy)

A

V = U / q

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43
Q

Electric Potential (from source charge)

A

V = (k * Q) / r

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44
Q

Voltage

A

ΔV = Vb - Va = Wab / q

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45
Q

Electric Potential Near a Dipole

A

V = ((k * q * d) / r2) * cosθ

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46
Q

Dipole Moment

A

p = q * d

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47
Q

Electric Field on the Perpendicular Bisector of a Dipole

A

E = (1 / (4 * π * ε0)) * (p / r3)

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48
Q

Torque on a Dipole in an Electric Field

A

τ = p * E * sinθ

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49
Q

Magnetic Field from a Straight Wire

A

B = (μ0* I) / (2 * π * r)

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50
Q

Magnetic Field from a Loop of Wire

A

B = (μ0 * I) / (2 * r)

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51
Q

Magnetic Force on a Moving Point Charge

A

FB = q * v * B * sinθ

52
Q

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire

A

FB = I * L * B * sinθ

53
Q

Current

A

I = Q / Δt

54
Q

Krichhoff’s Junction Rule

A

Iinto junction = Ileaving junction

55
Q

Krichhoff’s Loop Rule

A

Vsource = Vdrop

56
Q

Definition of Resistance

A

R = (ρ * L) / A

57
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V = I * R

58
Q

Voltage and Cell emf

A

V = Ecell - (i * rint)

59
Q

Definition of Power

A

P = W / t = ΔE / t

60
Q

Electric Power

A

P = I * V = I2* R = V2 / R

61
Q

Voltage Drop Across Circuit Elements (series)

A

Vp = V1 + V2 + V3 + … + Vn

62
Q

Voltage Drop Across Circuit Elements (parallel)

A

Vp = V1 = V2 = V3 = … = Vn

63
Q

Equivalent Resistance (series)

A

Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + … + Rn

64
Q

Equivalent Resistance (parallel)

A

1/Rp = (1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3) + … + (1/Rn)

65
Q

Definition of Capacitance

A

C = Q / V

66
Q

Capacitance Based on Parallel Plate Geometry

A

C = ε0 * (A / d)

67
Q

Electric Field in a Capacitor

A

E = V / d

68
Q

Potential Energy in a Capacitor

A

U = (1 / 2) * C * V2

69
Q

Capacitance with a Dielectric Material

A

C’ = κ * C

70
Q

Equivalent Capacitance (series)

A

1/Cs = (1/C1) + (1/C2) + (1/C3) + … + (1/Cn)

71
Q

Equivalent Capacitance (parallel)

A

Cp = C1 + C2 + C3 + … + Cn

72
Q

Wave Speed

A

v = f * λ

73
Q

Period

A

T = 1 / f

74
Q

Angular Frequency

A

ω = 2 * π * f = (2 * π) / T

75
Q

Speed of Sound

A

v = sqrt(B / ρ)

76
Q

Doppler Effect

A

f’ = f * ((v +/- vD) / (v -/+ vS))

77
Q

Intensity

A

I = P / A

78
Q

Sound Level

A

β = 10 * log(I / I0)

79
Q

Change in Sound Level

A

βf = βi + 10 * log(If / Ii)

80
Q

Beat Frequency

A

fbeat = |f1 - f2|

81
Q

Wavelength of a Standing Wave (strings + open pipes)

A

λ = (2 * L) / n

82
Q

Frequency of a Standing Wave (strings + open pipes)

A

f = (n * v) / (2 * L)

83
Q

Wavelength of a Standing Wave (closed pipes)

A

λ = (4 * L) / n

84
Q

Frequency of a Standing Wave (closed pipes)

A

f = (n * v) / (4 * L)

85
Q

Speed of Light from Frequency and Wavelength

A

c = f * λ, where c = 3.00 x 10^8 in

86
Q

Law of Reflection

A

θ1 = θ2

87
Q

Optics Equation

A

(1 / f) = (1 / o) + (1 / i) = (2 / r)

88
Q

Magnification

A

m = (-i / o)

89
Q

Index of Refraction

A

n = (c / v)

90
Q

Snell’s Law

A

n1 * sinθ1 = n2 * sinθ2

91
Q

Critical Angle

A

θc= sin-1(n2 / n1)

92
Q

Lensmaker’s Equation

A

(1 / f) = (n - 1) * ((1 / r1) - (1 / r2))

93
Q

Power of Lens

A

P = (1 / f)

94
Q

Focal Length of Multiple Lens System

A

(1 / f) = (1 / f1) + (1 / f2) + (1 / f3) + … + (1 / fn)

95
Q

Power of Multiple Lens System

A

P = P1 + P2 + P3 + … + Pn

96
Q

Magnification of Multiple Lens System

A

m = m1 * m2 * m3 * … * mn

97
Q

Positions of Dark Fringes in Slit-Lens Setup

A

a * sinθ = n * λ

98
Q

Positions of Dark Fringes in Double-Slit Setup

A

d * sinθ = (n + (1 / 2)) * λ

99
Q

Energy of a Photon of Light

A

E = h * f, where h = 6.6 x 10-34 J / s

100
Q

Maximum Kinetic Energy of an Election in the Photoelectric Effect

A

Kmax = (h * f) - W

101
Q

Work Function (minimum energy to eject election)

A

W = h * fT

102
Q

Mass Defect and Energy

A

E = m * c2

103
Q

Rate of Nuclear Decay

A

Δn / Δt = -λ * n

104
Q

Exponential Decay

A

n = n0 * e(-λ * t)

105
Q

Decay Constant

A

λ = (ln2 / T1/2) = (0.693 / T1/2)

106
Q

Michaelis-Menten Equation

A

v = (vmax * [S]) / (Km + [S])

107
Q

Turnover Number

A

vmax = [E] * kcat

108
Q

Gram Equivalent Weight

A

GEW = Molar mass / n

109
Q

Equivalents from Mass

A

Equivalents = Mass of Compound / Gram Equivalent Weight

110
Q

Rate Law

A

rate = k[A]x * [B]y

111
Q

Arrhenius Equation

A

k = A * e-Ea / (R * T)

112
Q

Gibbs Free Energy

A

ΔG = ΔH - (T * ΔS)

113
Q

Standard Gibbs Free Energy from Equilibrium Constant

A

ΔG°rxn = -R * T * lnKeq

114
Q

Gibbs Free Energy From Reaction Quotient

A

ΔGrxn = ΔG°rxn + (R * T * lnQ) = R * T * ln(Q / Keq)

115
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

P * V = n * R * T

116
Q

Henry’s Law

A

[A] = kH * PA or [A]1 / P1 = [A]2 / P2 = kH

117
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Π = i * M * R * T

118
Q

Freezing Point Depression

A

ΔTf = i * Kf * m

119
Q

Boiling Point Elevation

A

ΔTb = i * Kb * m

120
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (acid buffer)

A

pH = pKa + log([A-] / [HA])

121
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (base buffer)

A

pOH = pKb + log([B+] / [BOH])

122
Q

p scale value approx.

A

-log(n * 10-m) = m - log(n)
p value = m - 0.n

123
Q

Nernst Equation (simplified when T = 298 K) for determining a cell’s emf deviating standard conditions

A

Ecell = E°cell - (R * T) / (n * f) * lnQ = E°cell - (0.0592) / (n * f) * lnQ

124
Q

Nernst Equation (simplified when T = 310 K) for determining membrane potential

A

E = (R * T) / (z * F) * ln([ion]outside / [ion]inside) = (61.5 / z) * log([ion]outside / [ion]inside)

125
Q

Body Mass Index

A

BMI = mass / height2

126
Q

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz voltage equation

A

Vm = 61.5 * log((PNa+ * [Na+]outside + PK+ * [K+]outside + PCl- * [Cl-]inside) / (PNa+ * [Na+]inside + PK+ * [K+]inside + PCl- * [Cl-]outside))

MCAT CHEM+PHYSICS (1 decks)

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