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Chemistry - U4 > Formulae And Equasions (topic 2) > Flashcards

Formulae And Equasions (topic 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Nitrogen

A

N2

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2
Q

Oxygen

A

O2

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3
Q

Fluorine

A

F2

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4
Q

Chlorine

A

Cl2

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5
Q

Bromine

A

Br2

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6
Q

Iodine

A

I2

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7
Q

Astatine

A

At2

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8
Q

Phosphorus

A

P4

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9
Q

Sulphur

A

S8

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10
Q

Define an element

A

An element is a simple substance that cannot be made simpler by chemical means - contains 1 type of atom

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11
Q

Define a compound

A

A compound is a substance made from 2 or more elements that have been chemically combined

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12
Q

Metal + oxygen

A

Metal oxide

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13
Q

Metal + fluorine

A

Metal fluoride

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14
Q

Metal +chlorine

A

Metal chloride

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15
Q

Metal + iodine

A

Metal iodide

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16
Q

Metal + sulphur

A

Metal sulphide

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17
Q

Metal + nitrogen

A

Metal nitrate

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18
Q

Metal + phosphorus

A

Metal phosphide

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19
Q

Metal + hydrogen

A

Metal Hydride

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20
Q

Do metals have positive or negative valencies

A

Metals have positive valencies

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21
Q

Do non-metals have positive or negative valencies

A

Non-metals have negative valencies

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22
Q

When writing out the formula of a compound , the valencies need to add up to

A

Zero (eg +3 -3)

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23
Q

If valencies are uneven, can you add molecules

A

Yes, as long as you have the same number of atoms on each sides (eg +3 -1-1-1)

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24
Q

Metal + sulphur + oxygen

A

Metal sulphate

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25
Q

Compounds with oxygen are usually

A

Ates . Eg (metal + other + oxygen –> metal otherATE)

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26
Q

Water

A

H2O

27
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

28
Q

Methane

A

CH4

29
Q

Nitric acid

A

NHO3

30
Q

Sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

31
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

32
Q

What does the small number next to a letter represent

A

How many atoms there are of each element (eg K4 would be 4 potassiums)

33
Q

Reactant

A

What are being reacted together

34
Q

Products are

A

What the reactants produce

35
Q

A big number in front of a formula …

A

Multiplies every symbol that follows it (eg 2HCl = 2H + 2Cl)

36
Q

What happens in a displacement reaction

A

Two metal are ‘competing’ for the non-metal. The metal that is higher up in the reactivity series ‘takes’ the non-metal

37
Q

What should a description have ?

A

A colour (blue, green, transparent) and a state (liquid,solid, gas)

38
Q

Formulae equations should include state symbols. What are they ?

A

s - solid
aq - aqueous solution
g - gas
l - pure liquid

39
Q

What is a solution

A

A solution is a solid dissolved in a liquid (eg salt water)

40
Q

What do you do if there is no reaction ?

A

Put a cross through the arrow and write no reaction

eg iron +calcium carbonate -/-> no reaction

41
Q

What is a direct combination

A

When 2 or more elements combine to give a single product (valencies still have to match)
Eg calcium + oxygen –> calcium oxide
2Ca +O2 –> 2CaO

42
Q

What is thermal composition?

A

When you add heat / fire, the element or compound is combined with oxygen

43
Q

metal carbonate (+heat) –>

A

Metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Carbonates of potassium and sodium do not decompose

44
Q

Metal hydroxide (+heat) –>

A

Metal oxide + water

Hydroxides of potassium or sodium do not decompose

45
Q

Metal nitrate (+heat) –>

A

Metal oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

46
Q

Test for nitrogen dioxide (a brown gas)

A

Blue litmus paper turns red

47
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

Bubble through limewater, it turns milky

48
Q

Test for water vapour

A

Anhydrous copper sulphate turns from white to blue

49
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

Two soluble compounds are separately dissolved in water and then the two solutions are mixed together. If the cations (positive ions) swap anion (negative ions) to form an insoluble compound then a precipitate will be formed

50
Q

What is a precipitate

A

A precipitate is an insoluble substance produced during a reaction (shortened to ppt)

51
Q

Solubility of sodium, potassium, and ammonium compounds

A

They are all soluble

52
Q

Solubility of nitrates

A

Soluble (except silver chloride me lead chloride in cold water)

53
Q

Solubility of sulphates

A

Soluble (except barium sulphate, calcium sulphate and strontium sulphate)

54
Q

Solubility of carbonates

A

Insoluble

55
Q

Solubility of hydroxides / oxides

A

Insoluble

56
Q

What is PH neutral

A

7 (green)

57
Q

What is PH strong acid

A

1,2 (red)

58
Q

What is medium acid

A

3 (red) and 4 (orange)

59
Q

What is PH weak acid

A

5 (orange) and 6 (yellow)

60
Q

What is PH weak alkali

A

8 (greenish blue) and 9 (purple)

61
Q

What is PH medium alkali

A

10 (purple) and 11 (blue)

62
Q

What is PH strong alkali

A

12, 13 (blue) and 14 (black)

63
Q

Formula for hydrogen

A

H2

Chemistry - U4 (2 decks)

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