Formula booklet - Data

Question 1

3.00x10⁸m s^-1

Answer 1

**3.00x10⁸ m s^-1 **is the speed of light in a vacuum,* c. *

The speed of light in a vacuum is the maximum speed at which all matter and information in the universe can travel.

(It is the universal speed limit.)

Question 2

8.85x10^-12C²N^-1m^-2 (F m^-1)

Answer 2

8.85x10^-12 C²N^-1m^-2 (F m^-1) is the permittivity of free space (a vacuum), a physical constant equal to approximately 8.85 x 10-12 farad per meter (F/m). It is symbolized ε₀and is a constant of proportionality that exists between electric displacement and electric field intensity in a given medium.

(Proportion of electric displacement to the proportion of electric field intensity in a given medium)

Question 3

1.6x10^-19 C

Answer 3

**1.6x10-19 C **is the elementary charge, e, (Or occasionally q) of electric charge carried by a single proton.

Question 4

6.63x10²³J s

Answer 4

**6.63x10²³ J s **is the Planck Constant, *h. *The Planck Constant is a fundamental constant, equal to the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation divided by its frequency.

Question 5

6.67x10^-11N m² kg^-2

Answer 5

6.67x10^-11N m² kg^-2is the gravitational constant, G.

According to Newton’s law , given any two objects having mass m₁ and m₂ (in kilograms) whose centers of mass are separated by a distance *r *(in metres), there exists an attractive gravitational force F (in Newtons) between the objects, such that:

F = G(m₁m₂ )/ r²

Question 6

6.02x10²³mol^-1

Answer 6

**6.02x10²³mol^-1 **is the Avagadro constant, N_A.

The Avagadro constant is the number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. 12 grams of carbon 12, with the mass number of 12 (atomic number 6), has 6.02x10²³ carbon atoms.

Question 7

8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1

Answer 7

8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1 is the molar gas constant, R.

The gas constant, also known as the universal molar gas constant, is a physical constant that appears in an equation defining the behavior of a gas under theoretically ideal conditions.

The pressure, volume, amount of substance, and temperature of a gas are related according to the following equation, known as the universal gas equation:

PV = NRT

where P represents the pressure in Pascals, V represents the volume in m³, N represents the amount of substance in moles, and T represents the absolute temperature in Kelvin.

Question 8

1.38x10-23 J K-1

Answer 8

**1.38x10^-23 J K^-1 **is the Boltzmann constant, k.

The Boltzmann constant is a physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant* N_A.*

(Energy related to temperature)

Question 9

9.11x10^-31kg

Answer 9

**9.11x10^-31kg **is the electron rest mass, m_e.

The electron rest mass is the mass of a stationary electron.

Question 10

1.673x10-27 kg

Answer 10

**1.673x10-27 kg **is the proton rest mass, m_p.

The proton rest mass is the stationary mass of a proton.

Question 11

1.675x10^-27 kg

Answer 11

1.675x10-27 kg is the neutron rest mass.

The neutron rest mass is the mass of a stationary neutron.

Question 12

6.646x10^-27 kg

Answer 12

6.646x10-27 kg is the alpha particle rest mass, m_a.

The alpha particle rest mass is the mass of a stationary alpha particle.

Question 13

9.81 ms^-2

Answer 13

9.81 ms-2 is the acceleration of free fall, g.

The aceleration of free fall isthe acceleration of a body falling freely in a vacuum near the surface of the Earth in the Earth’s gravitational field.