Forms of Amnesia (Ch 18)

Question 1

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 1

loss of LTMs print to a traumatic incident, Backward in time.
involves trauma to the brain that disrupts consolidation
causes: physical trauma, stroke.
Memories lost: AMs, Semantic information, more recent memories.
Memories untouched: nondeclarative memories

Question 2

Ribot’s Gradient

Answer 2

Graded loss of memory, in which more recent memories are more easily disrupted where as older memories are more firmly established and difficult to disrupt.

Question 3

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 3

Induces retrograde amnesia.
this treatments lose memories from the recent past including memories of the ECT session itself.
Memory loss: as long as one or two years prior to ECT.
Implicit memory seems unaffected

Question 4

Electroconvulsive Shock (ECS)

Answer 4

used to study memory and not as a treatment.
used on laboratory animals.
provides an assessment of retrograde amnesia.

Question 5

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 5

the inability to store new memories after an incident.

ppl lose the ability to fully benefit from their experiences and become “frozen in time”

Question 6

Transient Global Amnesia

Answer 6

the cause is organic

Question 7

Transient Global Amnesia

Answer 7

the cause is organic, duration is brief.
last for a short period of time
global in which both retrograde and anterograde components are present
short lived, lasting only a few hours
considered a temporary memory state

Question 8

Semantic Amnesia

Answer 8

deficit in the ability to retrieve semantic knowledge, dmg resulting to the temporal lobes.
ppl have trouble retrieving word meanings
non-declarative and episodic memories are intact

Question 9

Anomia

Answer 9

trouble retrieving word meanings.
can be very specific
non-declarative and episodic memories are intact

Question 10

Apraxia

Answer 10

ppl having difficulty with semantic judgements that do not require language

Question 11

Apraxia

Answer 11

ppl having difficulty with semantic judgements that do not require language, problem with motor planing

Question 12

Aphasia

Answer 12

losing the ability to to use language, dmg to the left hemisphere

Question 13

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 13

difficulty in the production of language, but language comprehension is persevered

Question 14

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 14

difficulty comprehending the language but language production is preserved.

Question 15

Prosopagnosia

Answer 15

failure to recognize faces.
able to retain memories of different ppl but are unable to recognize a persons face. have to use cues such as the persons voice to identify them.

Question 16

Psychogenic Amnesia

Answer 16

amnesia associated with a psychological cause such as a traumatic event. this memory loss may be a way of coping with the trauma

Question 17

Repression

Answer 17

a form of psychogenic amnesia, suggests that there are experiences ppl have that are traumatic or threatening

Question 18

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 18

Ppl are unable to remember segments of their lives.

forgotten knowledge is either traumatic or associated with a traumatic event.

Question 19

What are the three ways in which dissociative amnesia manifest itself?

Answer 19

systematized amnesia: where ppl are amnesic for information related to a traumatic event
localized amnesia: in which a person has trouble remembering events within a block of time
generalized amnesia: where nearly all of a persons life is forgotten

Question 20

Dissociative Fuge

Answer 20

memory is disrupted to the point that ppl forget fundament aspects of their identity, where they live and what they do for a living
loss of AMs

Question 21

Fugue and flight

Answer 21

a change in both identity and location

Question 22

memory fuge

Answer 22

loss of memories, but the core identity is intact

Question 23

regression fuge

Answer 23

reversion to an earlier state of life, with an inability remember events after that period

Question 24

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 24

ppl act as if they have many separate identities, each with its own autobiographical history. able to retrieve these AMs once in that particular identity but not when in other identities.