Forming A New Nation History 8 Flashcards
Who was the secretary of the continental congress that informed GW he was president?
Charles Thomson
Who was GW’s VP?
John Adams
What did people want to refer to GW as?
Mr. President
Why did leaders argue about Supreme Court being established?
Because the states already had their own courts.
What Act was passed in 1789 to create a court system?
Federal Judiciary Act
Who were the 6 members of the Supreme Court given by Congress?
A chief justice and five associate justices.
Who did GW appoint as Chief Justice?
John Jay
Who were the heads of departments provided by congress to help the president lead the nation.
Their Cabinet
Who was the secretary of war GW picked?
Henry Knox
What was the secretary of war’s job?
To oversee the nation’s defenses
Who was the secretary of state GW picked?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the U.S. minister to France?
Thomas Jefferson
What was the job of the secretary of state?
To oversee the relations between other states.
Who was the secretary of treasury GW picked?
Alexander Hamilton
What was the job of the secretary of treasury?
To manage the governments money
Who was the attorney general GW picked?
Edmund Randolph
What was the job of the attorney general?
To advise the government of legal matters
What did AH face the task of?
Paying off the nation’s finances
Why was the Gov’t in debt at the time?
Lots of money was borrowed from other countries for Rev, merch,ants and other private citizens loaned money to the new government, and they had wartime debts to pay back.
What was the national debt by 1789?
Over $52 Million
Why did most gov’t leaders want agree the nation had to repay their debts in 1789?
Because they wanted to win the respect of foreign nations and their citizens, which would lead to more business being done with other countries.
What did AH’s financial plan reflect his belief on?
A Strong Central Gov’t
What did AH believe regarding the power of gov’ts
National Gov’t> State Gov’t
What did AH believe the gov’t should encourage?
Business and Industry
Who did AH want to run the gov’t
Wealthy merchants and manufacturers
Why would AH want wealthy to help?
Because they were rich and could help the gov’t with many tasks like paying off the debts.
What was step 1 in AH’s financial plan?
Pay off all war debts
What was step 2 in AH’s financial plan?
Raising Gov’t Revenues
What was step 3 in AH’s financial plan?
Create a national bank
Why were Virginia and Georgia upset about repaying debts?
Because they already paid off their debt and didn’t want to help the Northern states pay off theirs
Who was the leader of Virginia AH relied on to help gain Southern support?
Thomas Jefferson
What condition did the Northern states agree with the Southern states in exchange for help with repaying their debts?
Moving the new nation’s capital to the South (Potomac River)
What did the secretary of treasury favor?
Tariffs
What is a tariff?
A tax on imported goods
Why would the secretary of treasury favor tariffs?
It would raise money for the government and encourage the growth of American industry
Why would the gov’t place tariffs on the highest foreign goods like shoes and textiles?
Because Americans bought them in great quantities
What purpose would the National Bank serve?
It would work as a safe place to keep money
Overall, what would AH’s financial plan do?
Strengthen the central gov’t
What did TJ and Madison believe the constitution discouraged?
The concentration of power in the federal gov’t
What construction did Jefferson and Madison believe in?
Strict Construction (Strict interpretation of the constitution)
Why did TJ and Madison say a National Bank can’t be created?
Because the constitution does not mention it
What construction did AH believe in?
Loose construction (Broad or flexible interpretation of the constitution)
Who did AH and TJ argue their positions to?
Washington
Who won when TJ and AH argued their positions to GW?
Hamilton
When was the bank of the united states set up?
1791
Why did GW consider military action?
Spain, Britain, US, and Native Americans were claiming land in the trans Appalachian west
What had Spain claimed as their own besides west of the Mississippi river?
Florida and the port of New Orleans
What did Natives in the Northwest territory want to do?
Join together to form an independent Native American nation
How did the British violate the treaty of Paris?
They still held forts north of the Ohio river
Why did the British support the Natives?
So they could maintain their access to fur
What did Little Turtle do during The Battle Of Fallen Timbers regarding forces?
Had a force of many different tribes who joined in a confederation to defeat the federal army.
Who led the 3rd army for American in The Battle Of Fallen Timbers
Anthony Wayne (Mad Anthony)
Where did Native Americans gather expecting help from the British?
The British held fort-Miami
Where did the Battle Of Fallen Timbers get is name?
The battlefield was covered with tress that had been struck down by a storm.
Why did the British not help the Native Americans?
Because they did not want war with the US
What did the 12 tribes sign after losing the BOFT’s?
Treaty Of Greenville
What did Treaty of Greenville do?
The Native Americans agreed to cede there land to the US gov’t
Who resisted the tax on whiskey?
States from Pennsylvania to Georgia
How were crops easily carried to markets?
Making their crops into liquid form (whiskey)
How many bushels of rye could a farmers horse carry?
2
How many barrels of rye in liquid form could a farmers horse carry
2 (Equal To 24 Bushels of rye)
What would farmers use whiskey as?
A kind of currency and trade item
What did a group of farmers west of Pennsylvania stage?
The Whiskey Rebellion
What did an armed group do apart of the whiskey rebellion?
Beat a tax collect, tar and feathered him, and stole his horse
What did an armed group do apart of the whiskey rebellion?
Beat a tax collect, tar and feathered him, and stole his horse
What did others do apart of the whiskey rebellion?
Threatened an armed attack on Pittsburg
Why did GW want to act on the Whiskey Rebellion?
He feared it would undermine the new gov’t and weaken its authority
What did General Henry Lee and AH do to shut down the rebellion for whiskey?
Led an army of 13,000 soldiers into western Pennsylvania
Why would they need 13,000 soldiers to shut down a rebellion by only a small group of people?
To show that the gov’t had the power and the will to enforce its laws
What did revolutionaries in France demand?
Liberty and equality
How did the French Revolution get violent?
Thousand of French citizens were massacred and King Louis XVI was executed
What did other European monarchs believe the French Revolution did?
Threatened their own thrones
Who did the French declare war on during their revolution?
Britain, Holland and Spain
Why was the US in an awkward place during the French Revolution?
Because they had a bound that kept the 2 nations together as allies
Why was remaining neutral hard for the US?
The British began to seize the cargo of American ships carrying good from the French West Indies
Who did GW send to England for talks of seizure of Us ships and to persuade them into giving up their forts?
Chief Justice John Jay
Why did the British agree to leave the Ohio Valley?
Because they received news about how the US won the battle of fallen timbers and they did not want another entanglement
What was Jay’s Treaty?
The treaty the British signed to leave the Ohio Valley and pay for the damage of the US cargo ships
Why was Jay’s Treaty unpopular?
Because he failed to open up the profitable British West Indies trade to Americans
What was Pickney’s treaty?
The treaty Spain signed to allow Americans to travel along the Mississippi River and the right to store goods at the port of New Orleans without paying custom duties
What did Spain accept in addition to Pickney’s treaty?
31st parallel as the Northern boundary of Florida and the Southern boundary of the US
How may people needed to live in a date for an application of statehood
20,000
What did little turtle suggest the Indians do?
Negotiate
