Formative Test Research Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for calculating units of alcohol?

A

(Strength (%) x volume (ml)) / 1000 = units

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2
Q

What class of drug should you give people going through alcohol withdrawal (medically assisted alcohol withdrawal)?

A

Benzodiazepine (not lorazepam for some reason).

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3
Q

Give examples of benzodiazepines.

A

Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam.

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4
Q

What is the osmolal gap and what does it indicate?

A

A difference between calculated and measured serum osmolality. Indicates there are toxins in the blood e.g. ethanol or methanol.

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5
Q

What cancers does alcohol increase the risk of?

A
Breast
Bowel
Liver
Mouth/throat
Oesophageal
Stomach
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6
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

A

Life threatening condition involving rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure.

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7
Q

What is thought to cause hepatorenal syndrome?

A

Changes in blood flow to the kidneys.

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8
Q

Where does aspiration pneumonia usually effect?

A

Superior segment of the right lower lobe.

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9
Q

What arthropathy is alcohol a risk factor of and why?

A

Gout

Associated with increased precipitation of uric acid.

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10
Q

What are the unit limits of men and women per week?

A

14 units

Best to spread drinking evenly over 3 or more days.

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11
Q

What are the binge drinking limits for men and women?

A

Men - 8 units of alcohol in a single session.

Women - 6 units of alcohol in a single session.

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12
Q

What are the basic steps of the haem breakdown pathway?

A

Haem -> biliverdin -> bilirubin

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13
Q

What are the full names of AST, ALT, ALP and GGT?

A

AST - aspartate aminotransferase/transaminase
ALT - alanine aminotransferase/transaminase
ALP - alkaline phosphatase
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase

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14
Q

What is the space that surrounds hepatocytes in the liver?

A

Space of disse

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15
Q

Are hepatocytes present in the portal tract/triad?

A

No

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16
Q

Are lymphocytes present in the portal tract/triad?

A

Yes

17
Q

How many calories does 1g of alcohol contain?

A

7

18
Q

What clotting factor does the liver not produce? (think 1972)

A

VIII

19
Q

Is portal hypertension more associated with hepato or splenomegaly and why?

A

Splenomegaly

Due to backflow of blood into spleen through the splenic vein.

20
Q

What is beriberi?

A

Chronic thiamine deficiency.

21
Q

Describe wet beriberi.

A

Affects cardiovascular system

Causes fast heart rate, SOB and leg swelling

22
Q

Describe dry beriberi.

A

Affects neurological system
Causes numbness of hands and feet, confusion, trouble moving the legs and pain.
Also causes wernicke-korsakoff syndrome.

23
Q

Can lactate be used in a person with a severe GI bleed to measure perfusion?

A

Yes

Can’t find it in any books tho lmao but for exams sake yes

24
Q

What drugs increase gastric emptying and therefore increase absorption?

A

Antihistamines

Metoclopramide/domperidone (dopamine receptor antagonists)