FORMATIVE PAPER Flashcards
Over what time does a colles’ fracture usually unite?
6 weeks
Management of a clavicular fracture when neurovascular is intact?
Period of immobilisation in a simple shoulder sling followed by early mobilisation
What is the earliest lab finding for fat embolism?
Liguria
What is the earliest indication of Volkamann’s ischaemia?
Persistent pain exacerbated on passive extension of fingers
(Contracture and gangrene is a very late sign!)
What is the only definite contraindication of internal fixation of fractures?
Active infection -
What is the chemical composition of Plaster of Paris?
Hemihydrated calcium sulphate
What is the most common and second most common complication of a fracture of the mid shaft of the humerus?
Radial nerve injury - up to 18%
(Malunion - up to 15%)
In carpal fractures which is yhe most common bone involved?
Scaphoid
What is the second most common injured carpal bone?
Lunate - note its doesn’t fracture but is involved in dislocation of lunate and perilunar dislocation of carpus
How are humeral neck fractures managed?
Collar and cuff sling
Is cubitus valgus or virus more common after malunion following a Supracondylar fracture of the humerus?
Cubital varus
Are neurological complications following a Supracondylar fracture of the humerus likely to be transient or long term?
Transient
Is anterior or posterior siaplecemtn of the distal fragment in a Supracondylar fracture of the humerus more likely?
Posterior displacement of the distal fragment
What muscle makes it difficult to maintain reduction of Bennetts fracture because of its pull?
Abductor pollicis longus
What is a Bennett’s fracture?
a fracture of the base of the thumb resulting from forced abduction of the first metacarpal.
What is the commonest cause of loose bodies in the knee joint?
- Torn meniscus
- Fractures
- Osteochondritis dissecans
Repair of Achilles rupture?
Surgery
What age does Achilles rupture tend to occur?
Middle aged
What reflex is maintained in an individual diagnosed with brain stem death?
Deep tendon reflexes
How do you manage a Hb of 82 if the pt is stable and not actively bleeding?
No action as its over 70
If a pt has a GCS of 7 and has been vomiting what is the first thing you should do?
Put them on their left lateral side to protect against aspiration to some degree if they vomit again
Hpw do you manage a Hb of 60 following trauma?
Packed red cells
Should beta blockers be stopped or continued during surgery?
Continued
Ideal HbA1c pre-op?
65
Why should pts with diabetes be placed first on the operating list?
To minimise fasting time and number of meals missed
How to investigate a PE in pregnancy?
VQ scan
How long does vitamin K take to take effect?
4-6 hours
