Formative assessment 2

Question 1

name of malignant tumour of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 2

transcolemic spread

Answer 2

Transcoelomic spread refers to the spread of cancer cells across body cavities lined by a membrane, specifically the peritoneal, pleural, pericardial, or meningeal cavities. This type of spread does not involve blood vessels or lymphatic pathways but instead occurs when cancer cells invade and travel across the surfaces of these cavities.

Question 3

example of viral causing cancer

Answer 3

Question 4

Question 5

What is the name of a malignant tumour of striated muscle?

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

What term describes a cancer that has not invaded through the basement membrane?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the name of a benign tumour of glandular epithelium?

Answer 9

adenoma

Question 10

Answer 10

Lung cancer

Question 11

Answer 11

D
Hepatitis C -> hepatocellular carcinoma
ionising radiation -> all sorts of cancer
aromatic amines -> bladder carcinoma

Question 12

What is the name of a benign tumour of fat cells?

Answer 12

lipoma

Question 13

What is the name of a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium?

Answer 13

adenocarcinoma

Question 14

Answer 14

D. Growth related to overall body growth

Malignant tumors grow independently of the body’s overall growth signals. They are characterized by features like vascular invasion, metastasis, and increased cell division, which enable their aggressive and uncontrolled growth.

Question 15

A transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a malignant tumour?

Answer 15

True.

Transitional cell carcinoma (also known as urothelial carcinoma) of the bladder is a malignant tumor. It arises from the transitional epithelium lining the bladder and has the potential to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body.

Question 16

intravasation

Answer 16

Intravasation is the process by which cancer cells enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, allowing them to spread to other parts of the body.

Question 17

A leiomyoma is a benign tumour of smooth muscle?

Answer 17

True.

A leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle, commonly found in organs like the uterus, where it is often referred to as a fibroid.

Question 18

Radon gas causes lung cancer?

Answer 18

True.

Radon gas is a known cause of lung cancer. It is a radioactive gas that can accumulate in buildings, and long-term exposure increases the risk of developing lung cancer.

Question 19

Asbestos is a human carcinogen?

Answer 19

True.

Asbestos is a human carcinogen. Exposure to asbestos fibers can lead to cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the chest and abdomen.

Question 20

Answer 20

D

Question 21

Answer 21

D. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is one of the most aggressive cancers with a very short median survival time, often measured in months, due to its rapid growth and high metastatic potential.

Question 22

Ovarian cancer commonly spreads in the peritoneum

Answer 22

True.

Ovarian cancer commonly spreads within the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity). This type of spread is known as transcoelomic spread and is typical of ovarian cancer, often leading to metastasis on the surfaces of abdominal organs

Question 23

Answer 23

The predominant type of inflammatory cell seen in acute appendicitis is the neutrophil. Neutrophils are the main cells involved in the acute inflammatory response and are typically abundant in cases of acute bacterial infections, like appendicitis.

Question 24

Answer 24

If a biopsy were taken from the quadriceps muscle of the affected leg, it would show muscle atrophy.

Muscle atrophy occurs due to disuse and immobilization, leading to a decrease in muscle fibre size. This is common after prolonged immobilization, as seen in this case where the leg was in a plaster cast for six weeks.

Question 25

H.Pylori associated with what cancer

Answer 25

gastric cancer

Question 26

Answer 26

Axillary

Question 27

A benign tumour of fat cells is called

Answer 27

Lipoma

Question 28

name other benign soft tissue cartilage

Answer 28

Question 29

UK cancer screening programmes

Answer 29

cervical, bowel and breast

Question 30

which gene is commonly amplified in breast cancer

Answer 30

ERBB2/Her2

Question 31

which type of lung cancer has the poorest type of prognosis

Answer 31

small cell carcinoma