Formative Flashcards
What day does implantation occur?
Day 6-12
What day does the primitive streak form?
Day 14-15
What day does gastrulation commence?
Day 16-17
When does the closure of neural tube start and finish?
Starts day 22 completed by day 28
When do limb buds commence formation?
4th week around day 29
What occurs in G1?
Cell contents duplicates, excluding chromosomes
What occurs in metaphase?
Chromosomes assemble in the middle of the spindle
What occurs in S phase?
DNA synthesis replicates genetic material
What occurs in G2 phase?
Assembly of cytoplasmic material necessary for mitosis and cytokinesis to occur
What occurs in anaphase?
Centromeres divide and sister chromates on each chromosome are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cells
What is secreted in response to decreased serum calcium and/or increased serum phosphate?
Parathyroid hormone
What is secreted in response to decreased intra renal blood pressure in juxtaglomerular cells, or decreased delivery of sodium and chloride ions to the macula densa?
Renin
What is secreted in hypoxia in renal circulation?
Erythropoietin
What is released in response to increased plasma renin, angiotensin II or potassium levels?
Aldosterone
What is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolality?
Vasopressin
What carries 23 chromosomes?
Gametes including spermatids
What cells secrete inhibin?
Sertoli cells
Which cells secrete testosterone?
Leydig cells
What forms the blood tests barrier?
Sertoli cells
What differentiates into a mature sperm?
Spermatids
What is the pathway of spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonia - primary spermatocytes - secondary spermatocytes - spermatids
What is a short lived phagocyte involved in acts of inflammatory response to bacteria?
Neutrophil
What a long lived phagocyte found in most responses?
Macrophage
What is a specialised antigen presenting cell most important in primary immune response?
Dendritic cell
What s a lymphocyte without antigen specific receptors that is important in immunity to viruses?
Natural killer cells
What is a peripheral blood precursor of long lived phagocytic cells?
Monocytes
What is regulated by dopamine?
Prolactin
What has a critical role in spermatogenesis from spermatocytes in the Sertoli cells of the testis in males?
FSH
What has a critical role in stimulating testosterone production from leydig cells?
LH
What triggers ovulation but also initiates the conversion of the residual follicle in the corpus luteum?
LH
What is the hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare the endometrium for a possible implantation?
Progesterone
