Formative 1

Question 1

What type of gene is the retinoblastoma gene (RB1)?

Answer 1

Tumour suppressor gene

Question 2

What type of tumour is liposarcoma?

Answer 2

A malignant tumour of fatty tissue. (Lipo - Fatty)

Question 3

BRCA1 belongs to which class of genes?

Answer 3

Tumour suppressor gene

Question 4

What is the commonest type of carcinoma in men in the UK?

Answer 4

Prostate. Lung cancer & bowel cancer are 2nd & 3rd most common respectively for men in the UK

Question 5

What type of cancer commonly metastasises to the peritoneum?

Answer 5

Ovarian cancer (more frequently than colorectal cancer)

Question 6

The deposition of fibrin & platelets in moving blood describes which pathological process?

Answer 6

Thrombosis

Question 7

Why is glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) administered by sublingual route?

Answer 7

To avoid 1st pass metabolism by being absorbed directly into circulation

Question 8

When administered to a patient, 96% of drug 1 bonds to plasma proteins while 92% of drug 2 binds to plasma proteins. How does the level of the active form of drug 2 compare with 1?

Answer 8

There is 100% more drug 2 in the active form

Question 9

Drug metabolism occurs mainly in which organ?

Answer 9

Liver, has highest concentration of phase 1 & phase 2 drug metabolising enzymes

Question 10

Which cytochrome P450 is responsible for genetic variation in metabolism of warfarin?

Answer 10

CYP2C9

Question 11

Which antibiotic inhibits purine synthesis?

Answer 11

Trimethoprim

Question 12

Which anti-viral agent is used to treat infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer 12

Saquinavir (protease inhibitor) used in combo with 2-3 anti-HIV-1 drugs targeting other stages of HIV-1 replication cycle.

Question 13

What type of microorganism is Treponema pallium & what does it cause?

Answer 13

A spirochaete which causes syphilis

Question 14

What is the purpose of bacterial typing?

Answer 14

To identify bacterial strains

Question 15

In a gram stain what colour are gram positive bacteria?

Answer 15

Purple

Question 16

In a gram stain what colour are gram negative bacteria?

Answer 16

Red

Question 17

What characterises fimbriae?

Answer 17

Involved in adhesion (bacteria) at epithelial surfaces

Question 18

What is the frequency of heterozygotes for an autosomal gene with 2 alleles of equal frequency?

Answer 18

0.5

Question 19

What is the consequence of fertilisation?

Answer 19

Produces diploid cells from haploid cells (male & female gametes)

Question 20

How is the X chromosome transmitted?

Answer 20

By fathers to daughters only or my mothers to daughters & sons

Question 21

What is the key pathogenic feature of systemic type III hypersensitivity?

Answer 21

Immune complex formation

Question 22

Which cell type is the major component of acute inflammatory response?

Answer 22

Neutrophil

Question 23

Which cell type is the major component of chronic inflammatory response?

Answer 23

Lymphocytes & macrophages

Question 24

Which cell type is the major component of the immunological response?

Answer 24

Basophils & eosinophils