Format and Unicode

Question 1

What are the libraries for formating, string-related formating, and dynamic formatting?

Answer 1

• <format>
• <string>
• <string_view>

Question 2

What arguments does the format() function take?

Answer 2

• A format string
• Any number of variables

Question 3

What characters represent variables in a format string?

Answer 3

{}

Question 4

What is the syntax of a format function call given variables var1 and var2?

Answer 4

format(“{} {}”, var1, var2);

Question 5

What is the syntax of all possible options to alter the format of a variable in a format function ‘{}’?

Answer 5

{argid : FillandAlign sign/#/0 width precision L type}

Question 6

What is the width formatting option in a format() variable placeholder?

Answer 6

The number of characters wide that variable output will be.

Question 7

Given string var1 = “1234567”, what is output from format(“”, var1);

Answer 7

“1234567”. The width formatting option will not truncate.

Question 8

What is the syntax of the formatting option FillandAlign?

Answer 8

Ex: {:*<4} results in a width of 4, filled with * and left aligned.

Question 9

If the formatting option FillandAlign, what are the alignment character options?

Answer 9

• < Left alignment, fills chars AFTER data
• > Right alignment, fills chars BEFORE data
• ^ Center Aligned, tries to evenly split the fill characters, favoring left aligned.

Question 10

In the FillandAlign formatting option, what is the one character that is disallowed?

Answer 10

’{}’

Question 11

What are the options for “sign” in the format() function sign/#/0 flag?

Answer 11

• ’+’, shows a + for nonnegative values
• ’-‘ shows a sign only for negative values (default)
• ’ ‘ inserts a leading space in nonnegative values

Question 12

What are the options for the alternate form “#” in the format() function sign/#/0 flag?

Answer 12

• 0b for binary
• 0 for octal
• 0x for hexadecimal

Question 13

What is the “0” in the format() function sign/#/0 flag?

Answer 13

The option to insert preceding 0’s before the data. Equivalent to fillchar 0 right aligned. The 0 is ignored if the data is left aligned.

Question 14

What is the precision flag in the format function?

Answer 14

The decimal precision of the output.

Question 15

What is the format of the precision flag in the format function?

Answer 15

Ex: {.5} is 0.00000

Question 16

What are nested format strings?

Answer 16

In the format string {}, additional {} characters can be used for additional variables. Ex:
format(“{:0{}.{}f}”,tau,10,5)

Question 17

In the format function what are the type flag options?

Answer 17

• b/B binary
• d decimal
• o/x/X octal or hex. (Capital X Caps all hex characters)
• nothing/s string
• a/A hexfloat
• f/F standard floating point
• e/E scientific

Question 18

In the format function what is the L formatting flag?

Answer 18

Locale-specific formating; adds commas to arithmatic types

Question 19

In the format function what is the argid formatting flag?

Answer 19

It is the variable index to be used for the format string from the variables provided. Ex:
format(“{1:}”, 10, 20); results in 20.