Formal Writing Flashcards
Formal writing is always _ person.
3rd
It is always _ tense.
Present
There are no _.
Contractions
- Hook
- Background
- Thesis
Introduction (classic)
- Pieces of evidence for each
- Reasoning
- Transitions
- Rebuttal
Three body paragraphs (classic)
- Summarize
- End with going further
Conclusion (classic)
Classic essay
Classical model
Everyday arguments
Toulmin model
-State argument
Claim (toulmin model)
-Evidence
Grounds (toulmin model)
-Connects grounds to claim
Warrant (toulmin model)
-Supports warrant
Backing (toulmin model)
-Counter argument
Rebuttal (toulmin model)
-Limits strength of claim
Qualifiers (toulmin model)
Controversial topics
Rogerian model
-Address counter argument right away
Introduction (rogerian model)
-Show understanding (“We can all agree…”)
Summary of opposing views (rogerian model)
- Transition into own opinion
- Compromise
- Find common ground
- Exceptions
Understanding and validity (rogerian model)
- Examples
- Evidence
- Neutral language
State your position (rogerian model)
- Readdress issue
- State solution
- Shows yours is better
Conclusion (rogerian model)
