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LSAT study > Formal Logic > Flashcards

Formal Logic Flashcards

1
Q

All Xs are Ys

A

X -> Y

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2
Q

Xs are all Ys

A

X -> Y

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3
Q

Every X is a Y

A

X -> Y

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4
Q

Any X must also be a Y

A

X -> Y

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5
Q

Each X is Y

A

X -> Y

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6
Q

When X happens, so does Y

A

X -> Y

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7
Q

Y happens whenever X happens

A

X -> Y

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8
Q

X happens only if Y does

A

X -> Y

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9
Q

Only Ys can be Xs

A

X -> Y

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10
Q

X depends on Y

A

X -> Y

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11
Q

X requires Y

A

X -> Y

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12
Q

X needs Y

A

X -> Y

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13
Q

X causes Y

A

X -> Y

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14
Q

X leads to Y

A

X -> Y

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15
Q

X produces effect Y

A

X -> Y

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16
Q

No X without Y

A

X -> Y

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17
Q

Y goes everywhere X goes

A

X -> Y

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18
Q

No X unless Y

A

X -> Y

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19
Q

No X until Y

A

X -> Y

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20
Q

No X except with Y

A

X -> Y

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21
Q

X never happens unless Y does

A

X -> Y

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22
Q

X never happens until Y does

A

X -> Y

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23
Q

X never happens without Y

A

X -> Y

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24
Q

X guarantees Y

A

X -> Y

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25
Q

X ensures Y

A

X -> Y

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26
Q

X ensures Y

A

X -> Y

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27
Q

Being X confers Y

A

X -> Y

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28
Q

Completing goal X requires completing step Y

A

X -> Y

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29
Q

Y occurs due to X

A

X -> Y

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30
Q

X is always accompanied by Y

A

X -> Y

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31
Q

X is Y

A

X -> Y

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32
Q

X will bring about Y

A

X -> Y

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33
Q

X has to be Y

A

X -> Y

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34
Q

X must be Y

A

X -> Y

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35
Q

X will bring about Y

A

X -> Y

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36
Q

Y will happen if X does

A

X -> Y

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37
Q

All Ys are Xs

A

Y -> X

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38
Q

Ys are all Xs

A

Y -> X

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39
Q

Every Y is an X

A

Y -> X

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40
Q

Any Y must also be an X

A

Y -> X

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41
Q

Each Y is X

A

Y -> X

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42
Q

When Y happens, so does X

A

Y -> X

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43
Q

X happens whenever Y happens

A

Y -> X

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44
Q

Y happens only if X does

A

Y -> X

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45
Q

Only Xs can be Ys

A

Y -> X

46
Q

Y depends on X

A

Y -> X

47
Q

Y requires X

A

Y -> X

48
Q

Y needs X

A

Y -> X

49
Q

Y causes X

A

Y -> X

50
Q

Y leads to X

A

Y -> X

51
Q

Y produces effect X

A

Y -> X

52
Q

No Y without X

A

Y -> X

53
Q

X goes everywhere Y goes

A

Y -> X

54
Q

No Y unless X

A

Y -> X

55
Q

No Y until X

A

Y -> X

56
Q

No Y except with X

A

Y -> X

57
Q

Y never happens unless X does

A

Y -> X

58
Q

Y never happens until X does

A

Y -> X

59
Q

Y never happens without X

A

Y -> X

60
Q

Y guarantees X

A

Y -> X

61
Q

Y ensures X

A

Y -> X

62
Q

Being Y confers X

A

Y -> X

63
Q

Completing goal Y requires completing step X

A

Y -> X

64
Q

X occurs due to Y

A

Y -> X

65
Q

Y is always accompanied by X

A

Y -> X

66
Q

Y is X

A

Y -> X

67
Q

Ys are Xs

A

Y -> X

68
Q

Y must be X

A

Y -> X

69
Q

Y has to be X

A

Y -> X

70
Q

Y will bring about X

A

Y -> X

71
Q

X will happen if Y does

A

Y -> X

72
Q

X cannot be Y

A

X -> no Y

73
Q

X precludes Y

A

X -> no Y

74
Q

X prohibits Y

A

X -> no Y

75
Q

X is never Y

A

X -> no Y

76
Q

No Xs are Ys

A

X -> no Y

77
Q

None of the Xs are Ys

A

X -> no Y

78
Q

Never both X and Y

A

X -> no Y

79
Q

X forbids Y

A

X -> no Y

80
Q

X is inconsistent with Y

A

X -> no Y

81
Q

X and Y are mutually incompatible

A

X -> no Y

82
Q

X cannot go to a party with Y

A

X -> no Y

83
Q

X won’t Y

A

X -> no Y

84
Q

X prevents Y

A

X -> no Y

85
Q

Y can’t be where X is

A

X -> no Y

86
Q

X won’t share with Y

A

X -> no Y

87
Q

Y cannot be X

A

Y –> no X

88
Q

Y precludes X

A

Y –> no X

89
Q

Y prohibits X

A

Y –> no X

90
Q

Y is never X

A

Y –> no X

91
Q

No Ys are Xs

A

Y –> no X

92
Q

None of the Ys are Xs

A

Y –> no X

93
Q

Never both Y and X

A

Y –> no X

94
Q

Y forbids X

A

Y –> no X

95
Q

Y is inconsistent with X

A

Y –> no X

96
Q

Y and X are mutually incompatible

A

Y –> no X

97
Q

Y cannot go to a party with X

A

Y –> no X

98
Q

Y won’t X

A

Y –> no X

99
Q

Y prevents X

A

Y –> no X

100
Q

X can’t be where Y is

A

Y –> no X

101
Q

Y won’t share with X

A

Y –> no X

102
Q

Either X or Y (or both)

A

no X –> Y

103
Q

At least one of X and Y

A

no X –> Y

104
Q

Y happens unless X does

A

no X –> Y

105
Q

Without X, there must be Y

A

no X –> Y

106
Q

They’re all Ys except the Xs

A

no X –> Y

107
Q

X keeps going until Y happens

A

no X –> Y

108
Q

X happens unless Y does

A

no X –> Y

109
Q

Y keeps going until X happens

A

no X –> Y

110
Q

Without Y, there must be X

A

no X –> Y

111
Q

They’re all Xs except Ys

A

no X –> Y

112
Q

If not both V and X, then F or G

A

no V or no X -> F or G

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