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English language > Formal Language > Flashcards

Formal Language Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What are phonological formal features?

A

Assonance, consonance, rhythm, rhyme, alliteration (literative techniques used for entertainment purpose)

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2
Q

What are lexical features of formal language?

A
  1. Archaic lexemes
  2. Lexemes of French/Latin etymology
  3. Jargon
  4. Politically correct language
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3
Q

What are morphological features of formal language?

A
  1. Standard English grammar
  2. Nominalisation
  3. Conversion
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4
Q

What are formal semantic features?

A
  1. Euphemisms
  2. Dysphemisms
  3. Double speak
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5
Q

What are formal syntactic features?

A
  1. Coordination and subordination
    2 complex sentences and compound complex sentences
  2. Declaratives
  3. Passive voice
  4. Antithesis
  5. Parallelism
  6. Standard English syntax and formulaic expressions
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6
Q

What are features of coherence?

A
  1. Logical ordering
  2. Logical consistency and relevance
  3. Definition of jargon
  4. Jargon if addressed to specific audience
  5. Simple lexicon and Simple sentences
  6. Referencing and substitution (to reduce lexical density)
  7. Paragraphing
  8. Headings, subheadings and dot points
  9. Capitalisation, bold, underline, italics
  10. Cultural or contextual inference
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7
Q

What are features of phonological features of cohesion?

A 
Alliteration
Rhythm 
Rhyme 
Assonance 
Consonance
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8
Q

What are morphological cohesion features?

A

Repetition of root morpheme

Repetition of suffix, prefix or infix

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9
Q

What are features of lexical cohesion?

A

Repetition of lexemes

Tricolon and tripling

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10
Q

What are semantic cohesive features?

A
  1. Synonymy
  2. Antonymy
  3. Hyponymy (superordinate/ hypernym and subordinate/cohyponyms)
  4. Collocation
  5. Lexemes from same semantic field
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11
Q

What are syntactic cohesive ties?

A
  1. Parallelism
  2. Antithesis
  3. Listing
  4. Ellipsis and sentence fragments (help link to previous reference)
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12
Q

What are discursive cohesive features?

A
  1. Information flow (old-new-old-new)
  2. Connecting conjunctions and adverbs
    (Additive, Adversative, Clausal and temporal)
  3. Substitution and referencing
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13
Q

What are typical features of written mode?

A
  1. Highly scripted
  2. Delayed or no feedback
  3. Prestigious
  4. Permanent
  5. Addressed to broad audience
  6. Less ambiguous, more clear
  7. Non spontaneous
  8. Complex syntax
  9. Nominalisation
  10. Passive voice
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14
Q

What is nominalisation used?

A
  1. To reinforce and maintain social distance
  2. To focus on concept rather than action
  3. Depersonalise
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15
Q

Why is passive voice used?

A
  1. Subject Unknown
  2. Subject unimportant
  3. Focus on object
  4. Manipulate and obfuscate
  5. Build expertise
  6. Reduce blame
  7. Hide something
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16
Q

What are functions of formal language?

A
  1. To clarify, manipulate and obfuscate
  2. To maintain social harmony and negotiate social taboos
  3. To establish expertise and authority
  4. To reinforce social distance or create social distance
  5. Persuasive (declaratives, exclamatives)
  6. Instructional (law, recipe books, manuals)
  7. Social (not so much)- e.g. Letter
  8. Entertain- narratives, stories

English language (2 decks)

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