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English Language Y12 > Formal Language > Flashcards

Formal Language Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What are the social purposes of formal language?

A
  • Facce needs
  • Reinforcing social distance
  • In group membership
  • Establishing expertise
  • Promoting social harmony
  • Negotiating social taboos
  • Clarify, Obfuscate, Manipulate
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2
Q

What is taboo language?

A

Language that is deliberately offensive, controversial, or insensitive

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3
Q

What are profanities?

A

Obscene or offensive language.

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4
Q

What are obceneties?

A

Utterance that’s offensiveness depends on time period “cum-dumpster”.

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5
Q

What are expletives?

A

Swear words

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6
Q

What are epithets?

A

Word/phrase to describe a person (often negative) like chink.

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7
Q

Name and define phonological patterning features in texts.

A
  • Alliteration: The repetitiion of an initial constanant sound
  • Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds in words “Get” and “Better”
  • Consonance: Refers to repetition of constanant sounds in words “Pitter” “Patter”
  • Onomatopea: Sound words “BANG”
  • Rhyme: Word endings that have the same (or similiar) vowel and constanant sounds.
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8
Q

Name 5 purposes of euphamisms

A
  • Help maintain social harmony
  • Avoid confronting truths
  • Enhance prestige
  • Avoid embarrassment (funct)
  • Avoid taboo topics
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9
Q

What is double speak?

A

Use of euphamistic, ambigous and indirect language to deliberately mislead, confuse, or obscure meaning.

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10
Q

What is political correctness?

A

A style of language designed to avoid offence or inclusion

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11
Q

What are norms?

A

There are overt and covert types. They are the behaviours/expectations of a group.

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12
Q

What is prestige?

A

The language valued by a group. Comes in overt and covert form.

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13
Q

What are some functions and social purposes of jargon?

A
  • Satisfy communication needs
  • In group membership
  • Establish expertise

THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF JARGON IS TO BE INCLUSIVE AND EXCLUSIVE.

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14
Q

What are 2 positives of jargon?

A
  • Enhances communication
  • Adds prestige
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15
Q

What is an example of morphological stylism in formal language?

A

Adding “-ese” at the end of every word adds prestige.

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16
Q

What is an initialism?

A

Sounded letters, “DNA”

17
Q

List 3 purposes of complex language

A
  • Circumlocution: Too many words
  • Obfuscation
  • Creating euphamisms
18
Q

What is active voice?

A

Agent is start of sentence (Noun that causes the verb)

“Bob punched the wall”

19
Q

What is passive voice?

A

The patient (what is being affected by the agent) takes subject position

“The wall was punched by Bob”

20
Q

What is an agentless passive?

A

A passive sentence with no agent

“The wall was punched”

21
Q

List two purposes of active voice

A
  • Clarify
  • To give focus to the agent
22
Q

List two purposes of passive voice

A
  • Aids social harmony by minimising imposition on social harmony
  • Adds complexity
  • Distances audience from text as it is impersonal
23
Q

What is nominalisation?

A

When a verb or adjective is turned into a noun

24
Q

What is front focus?

A

Subject at start of the sentence

25
Q

What is end focus?

A

Subject at end of sentence

26
Q

Name all semantic features

A

Personnification
Irony
Metaphor
Similie
Oxymoron
Animation
Puns
Lexical ambiguity

27
Q

Name all syntactic features

A

Nominalisation
Front focus
End focus
Agentless passive
Passive voice
Active voice

28
Q

Name all discourse features, both parts.

A

Topic management
Minimal responses
Turn-taking

Closings
Openings
Interrogatives
Non-fluency features
Pauses
Agency pairs
Discourse particles

29
Q

Name all Co-ordinating conjunctions

A

For
And
Not
But
Yet
So

30
Q

What are parralelisms?

A

The use of similiar sounds, words, or grammatical constructions.

“I love singing, dancing, and swinging”

31
Q

What are 3 purposes of parralelsims

A
  • To give ideas equal importance
  • Emphasis
  • Add connection between ideas
32
Q

What is a dialect?

A

What you say, a variety of language that has grammer and vocab that identifies the geographical or social origin of the speaker.

“Bavarian vs High German”

33
Q

What is an accent?

A

How you say, a distinctive way of pronouncing a language or variety that is identified with national, regional, social or ethnic background.

34
Q

What are the 3 types of accent

A
  • Broad
  • General
  • Cultivated

English Language Y12 (7 decks)

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