Form and structure Chapter 3

Question 1

What is volume?

Answer 1

refers to the 3-d extent of an object or region of space.

Question 2

What is considered to be “a volume”?

Answer 2

A volume is bound by places and has 3 dimensions of width, height, and depth.

Question 3

A frontal view that shows only width and height can make an image appear what?

Answer 3

It will make an image appear flat

Question 4

How many sides of an object should be shown to reveal the dimension of depth and clarify its form?

Answer 4

Turning the view to show 3 adjacent sides of the object reveals the dimension of depth

Question 5

What two things does Analytical drawing merge?

Answer 5

the description of outer surfaces of an object and the orientation of its inner structural nature

Question 6

What is the difference between contour drawing and analytical drawing?

Answer 6

Contour drawing= moving from part to part

Analytical drawing= moving from the whole to subordinate parts and finally the details.

Question 7

How to prevent a piecemeal approach? What can result from a piecemeal approach?

Answer 7

By adding subordinating parts and details to the structure of the overall form, a piecemeal approach is prevented. Th piecemeal approach can result in disproportionate relationships and a lack of unity.

Question 8

When doing framework, your box should be opaque or transparent? How many sides of the object should the box touch?

Answer 8

When doing framework, Imagine a transparent box whose sides touch the front, back, top, bottom, and both sides of an object.

Question 9

What is the first step in creating an analytical drawing?

Answer 9

Using light, freely drawn lines, block out a transparent volumetric framework for a form.

Question 10

What do regulating lines do?

Answer 10

Regulating lines order relationships and control the placement, size, and proportion of the fundamental parts of a form.

Question 11

WHY do we use regulating lines when blocking out enveloping shapes and volume of an object?

Answer 11

We use regulating lines, to locate points, measure size and distance, find centers, express perpendicular and tangential relationships and establish alignments offsets.

Question 12

Are regulating lines limited by the physical boundaries of objects?

Answer 12

No.

Question 13

What happens when you concentrate too much on the surface and not the interior or “volume” ?

Answer 13

It will give the appearance of flatness

Question 14

Drawing both unseen and visible parts helps to do what?

Answer 14

Drawing both unseen and visible parts of the subject makes it easier to gauge angles, control proportions, and see the optical appearance of shapes.

Question 15

When do we especially build up the Final contour or object lines?

Answer 15

at critical points of intersection, connection, and transition.

Question 16

In the final drawing, how do we reveal the constructive process?

Answer 16

By making sure that all lines (approximate and regulating lines) remain visible.

Question 17

Should you draw lines by pulling or pushing? From what direction to the next do we move?

Answer 17

You should always draw lines by pulling, never pushing. Move from left to right and top to bottom.

Question 18

Should you focus on where the line has been or should you focus on where the line is going?

Answer 18

You should be looking at the exact point that the line is going to stop.

Question 19

What is proportion?

Answer 19

It is the harmonious relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity or degree.

Question 20

What is ratio?

Answer 20

it is the relationship between any two parts of a whole, or between any part and the whole.

Question 21

When gauging proportion, the apparent size of an object is influenced by what?

Answer 21

The apparent size of an object is influenced by the relative size of other objects.

Question 22

When gauging proportion, How should we deal with the form of volumes?

Answer 22

When dealing with the form of volumes, we must be concerned with proportion in three dimensions.

Question 23

When gauging proportion, what is one way to remind yourself of the proper ratios?

Answer 23

By verbalizing the proportions as you draw.

Question 24

When gauging proportion, always fix your shape to fit the sheet of paper on which you are drawing. True or False?

Answer 24

False. Do not fix the shape to correspond to the shape of the format or the sheet of paper upon which you are drawing.

Question 25

When drawing complex shapes, what should you look for?

Answer 25

When drawing complex shapes, look for shapes you understand. e.g. squares

Question 26

subtle changes in proportion will not effect the aesthetic quality of an image. True or False?

Answer 26

False. Subtle changes in proportion will immensely affect the aesthetic quality of an image.

Question 27

If the diagonals of two rectangles are either parallel or perpendicular to one another, what does that indicate?

Answer 27

It indicates that the two shapes have similar proportions.

Question 28

How can we draw what we see more easily?

Answer 28

By breaking down what we see into regular geometric volumes or a geometric arrangement of parts.

Question 29

What three dimensional unit can be used to derive other basic geometric volumes such as the pyramid, cylinder, and cone?

Answer 29

The cube

Question 30

To be able to better manipulate it, transform it, or see it from a different point of view, what should we know about a form?

Answer 30

It is important to know the volumetric nature of a form to be better able to manipulate it, transform it, or see it from a different point of view.

Question 31

What is the additive method?

Answer 31

Essentially, it means working from nothing and adding to it.

Question 32

This method starts out using a geometric figure(s) and keeps adding geometric figures until the entire object is mapped out (which then allows you to go in and add the final contour and other details). What method is this?

Answer 32

The additive Method

Question 33

What is the subtractive Method?

Answer 33

starts out with material and is carved out to create the piece.

Question 34

This method starts out with a geometric figure(s) and then uses contour lines to carve out the subject inside, similar to how a sculptor would project a mental image onto a block of stone and then carve away until the image is realized. What method is this?

Answer 34

The subtractive Method

Question 35

When can we use both the additive and subtractive method?

Answer 35

When drawing a complex organization of forms

Question 36

When drawing complex forms, what should you pay close attention to?

Answer 36

You should pay close attention to overlapping forms and negative spaces in the drawing.

Question 37

When drawing complex forms, How do you distinguish overlapping forms?

Answer 37

With slightly pressured lines

Question 38

When drawing complex forms, how do you treat minor details in relation to the overall form?

Answer 38

Treat minor details with less importance in relation to the overall form.

Question 39

When drawing complex forms, why would you use scattered lines?

Answer 39

to indicate transitional surfaces of curved forms

Question 40

Why would we use cross sectional contours in drawing complex forms?

Answer 40

to help develop the form of complicated shapes. These imaginary lines strengthen the 3-d effect of the drawing and show the volume of the object.