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form 1 science Flashcards

1
Q

what is science?

A

science is a discipline that involves systematic observations and experiments on natural phenomena

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2
Q

list 2 importance of science in everyday life

A

for medical research OR faster, safer and more comfortable OR invention of communication tools

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3
Q

list ALL of the apparatus used in science lab

A

test tube, boiling tube, beaker, conical flask, round bottom flask, flat bottom flask, gas jar, bell jar, measuring cylinder, burrete, pippete, filter funnel, evaportaing dish, bunsen burner, crucible, test tube holder, wire gauze, tripod stand

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4
Q

list all of the hazards symbols

A

explosive, flammable, toxic or poisonous, corrosive, irritant, radioactive

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5
Q

examples of explosive hazard

A

potassium, sodium, lithium and hydrogen gas

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6
Q

examples of flammable hazard

A

phosphorus, alcohol and petrol

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7
Q

examples of toxic or poisonous hazard

A

mercury, cyanide, lead and chlorine

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8
Q

examples of corrosive hazard

A

concentrated acids and alkalis

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9
Q

examples of irritant hazard

A

chloroform, ammonia, iodine, and chloride

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10
Q

examples of radioactive hazard

A

uranium, plutonium, radium and thorium

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11
Q

definition of length

A

distance between two points

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12
Q

definition of mass

A

the quantity of matter

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13
Q

definition of time

A

measured period between two moments

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14
Q

definition of temperature [Kelvin(K)]

A

measure of how hot or cold an object is

1C= 274.15 K

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15
Q

defintion of electrical charges

A

electrical current is defined as the rate of flow of charges(electrons) through a conductor

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16
Q

definition of volume

A

amount of space occupied by an object

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17
Q

definition of error

A

difference between the measure value and actual value of a quantity

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18
Q

definiton of systematic error

A

errors caused by faulty instruments or changes in the environmental during measurement

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19
Q

read chapter 1

A

-

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20
Q

definition of density

A

density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of the substance

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21
Q

formula of density

A

mass/volume

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22
Q

read abt density

A

-

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23
Q

list the scientific investigation in order

A

identifying the problem , forming hypothesis , controlling variables , planning an experiment , carrying out experiment , collecting data , analysing and intepreting data , making conclusion , writing report

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24
Q

definition of cell

A

a cell is a basic unit that makes up all living things

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25
Q

explain how cancer can be formed

A

when cells divide rapidly without control

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26
Q

how does a tumor formed?

A

if the cells are not destroyed, cancer cell will divide uncontrollably and form a tumour, an abnormal lump of cells

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27
Q

read abt microscope pg 30

A

-

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28
Q

list all 4 structures in animal cell

A

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria

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29
Q

list all 7 structures in plant cell

A

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria , vacuole, cell wall and chloroplast

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30
Q

list 2 difference between animal and plant cell

A
  1. animal cell does not have cell wall where else, plant cell has a cell wall made of cellulose
    2, animal cell does not have chloroplast where else plant cell has chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll
  2. animal cell has no fix shape where else plant cell does
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31
Q

definiton of unicellular organisms

A

organisms that contains only one cell

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32
Q

definition of multicellular

A

organsims that consist of more than one cell

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33
Q

examples of unicellular animals

A

amoeba and paramecium

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34
Q

examples of unicellular plants

A

yeast and chalamydomonas

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35
Q

what unicellular organisms can be classified as plant and animal

A

euglena (can make food in the presence of sunlight and can feed and move by using flagella

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36
Q

examples of multicellular animals

A

mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish

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37
Q

examples of multicellular plants

A

algae, ferns and most of flowering plants

38
Q

definition of specialised cells

A

cells that have become differentiated to carry out a particular function

39
Q

functions of nerve cells

A

carry informations in the form of nerve impulses to different parts of the body

40
Q

characteristics of nerve cells

A

known as neurons and has long, thin fibres

41
Q

functions of red blood cells

A

transports oxygen from lungs to whole body and transport carbon dioxide from the body cells back to the lungs which is then expelled during exhalation

42
Q

functions of muscle cell

A

produce movements

43
Q

what does red blood cell contain?

A

haemoglobins which combine with oxygen AND biconcave disc shape which provides a large surface area

44
Q

what are haemoglobins

A

red pigments

45
Q

where does elongated muscle cells exists at?

A

the wall of the intestine

46
Q

whrere does branched shape muscle cells exixts at?

A

in the heart (cardiac muscle)

47
Q

functions of epithelial cells

A

cover outerspace of body and line surface of organs

48
Q

functions of white blood cells

A

destroy bacteria and protect the body against diseases

49
Q

does white blood cell have a fixed shape?

A

no

50
Q

list two types of reproductive cells

A

sperm and ovum

51
Q

list 4 types of specialised plants cell

A

epidermal cells, palisade cells, root hair cells and guard cells

52
Q

state the way of formation of an organism

A

cell, tissue, organ, system and multicellular organism

53
Q

list 12 types of systems

A

blood circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, excretory system, integumentary system, muscular system, skeletal system, lympathic system, nervous system, endrocrine system and reproductive system.

54
Q

functions of blood circulatory system

A

transport respiratory gases, nutrients, hormones and waste products.

55
Q

functions of respiratory system

A

absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

56
Q

functions of digestive system

A

breaks down complex food into smaller form so that nutrients can be easily absorbed by the body

57
Q

functions of excretory system

A

removes excretory products

58
Q

functions of integumentary system

A

protects the body from infection and keeps the body from losing water excessively(dehydration)

59
Q

functions of muscular system

A

assists human in movements

60
Q

functions of skeletal system

A

provides support and protects internal organs

61
Q

functions of lympathic system

A

defends the body against infections

62
Q

functions of nervous system

A

carries nerve impulses and coordinates all body activities

63
Q

functions of endocrine system

A

secretes hormones

64
Q

functions of reproductive system

A

produces sperm cells, ova and hormones to produce offspring

65
Q

definition of external breathing

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment

66
Q

definition of cellular respiration

A

body cells are able to break down the food to release energy

67
Q

definition of photosynthesis

A

green plants make food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light and chlorophyll

68
Q

products of photosynthesis

A

glucose and oxygen

69
Q

where is excess glucose stored and in what form?

A

leaves, stems, fruits and roots in the form of starch

70
Q

what test can be used to determine whether photosynthesis has taken place?

A

iodine test

71
Q

importance of cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A

survival of living things OR maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

72
Q

list two differences between cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A
  1. cellular respiration occurs in all the living things where else, photosynthesis occurs in all the plant cells that contain chlorophyll.
  2. cellular respiration is a process of breaking down food, where else photosynthesis is the process of making food.
  3. cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria, where else photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts.
  4. cellular respiration releases water and carbon dioxide, where else, photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide.
  5. cellular respiration uses oxygen, where else, photosynthesis releases oxygen.
  6. cellular respiration occurs all the time, where else photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light.
  7. cellular respiration releases energy during the break down of food, where else, photosynthesis absorbs light energy to make food.
73
Q

where does cellular respiration take place?

A

takes place in mitochondria

74
Q

where does photosynthesis takes place?

A

takes place in chloroplasts.

75
Q

definition of homeostasis

A

process of regulating the internal environment of the body to be in a balanced and stable condition

76
Q

when does homeostasis occurs in the body?

A

when the internal environment of an organism changes

77
Q

what temperature must our body maintain constantly?

A

37 degree Celsius

78
Q

what will happen if extra 6 degree Celsius will do to the body?

A

affect the functions of body cells and this can cause death

79
Q

what systems are involved in the regulation of water content?

A

excretory system and endocrine system.

80
Q

what pulse rate is considered as normal?

A

60 to 90

81
Q

how does plant lose water to the surrounding?

A

transpiration process

82
Q

what is transpiration?

A

process of losing water from the surface of plants leaves in form of water vapour to the atmosphere through stomata

83
Q

what is stoma?

A

stoma is a tiny pore on the surface of leaf and is used for gas exchange and absorption of water vapour

84
Q

when does stoma open?

A

during the day

85
Q

why does stoma open?

A

to allow gas exchange and releases water vapour

86
Q

wen does stoma closes?

A

during a very HOT day.

87
Q

why is stoma closed?

A

to reduce the water loss through transpiration. the leaf wilts under hot sun.

88
Q

why do we urinate often during a rainy day?

A

we do not sweat a lot on a rainy day. therefore, the excess water in the body will be removed from the body through urine.

89
Q

what is the corrective mechanism that will occur when our body temperature drops? explain.

A
  • blood vessels constrict
  • sweat less
  • hairs stand erect
  • skeletal muscles will contract and relax actively
  • hormones will be secreted to increase body metabolism
90
Q

why do dogs always tick out their tongue?

A

they allow saliva to evaporate from tongue to reduce body temperature.

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