Forests Flashcards
Ecosystem Services provided by Forests
Water, carbon storage, recreation, habitat, and ecosystem goods
Exported Forest Products
Softwood lumber
wood pulp
structural wood panels
printing and writing paper
newsprint
What is scaling data is used?
- Determine Crown dues payable (how much pay federal govt for using Crown land for logging)
- Supply stats for tracking timber supply and harvest
- Research and development
What is scaling data is used?
- Determine Crown dues payable (how much pay federal govt for using Crown land for logging)
- Supply stats for tracking timber supply and harvest
- Research and development
3 Principles of Alberta Scaling Manual
- Ensure provincial consistency and uniformity
- Ensure sustainability of Alberta’s forests
- Maximize the usability of timber
Log Volume Formula
Cross section of long and length
Area = pi(d/2)^2
Imperial measure of stacked wood
“The cord”
128 ft^3 (4’ x 4’ x 8’)
Measurement dimensions of living trees
Height, diameter, age, and volume
Mensuration
measurement of living trees
Breast height for standard diameter tree measurement
1.3 m
Calipers
Tool to measure tree diameter
Dendrometers
measure the growth in tree circumference
Basal Area
The cross sectional area of the step of a tree at breast height in m^2
Are diameter tapes positively or negatively biased and why?
Positively
b/c trees are not exactly circular, and circles have the smallest perimeter to area ratoo
Dendrochronology
study of annual rings in trees and one of the most important environmental recording techniques for a variety of natural environmental processes
3 Approaches to sample Tree Rings
- Cross section a living tree
- Cross section a dead tree
- Sample living tree with an increment borer
Two signs of insect attacks in tree rings
Resin ducts and white rings
Basal area increment
Change of basal area in a year
Forest Stand
A reasonably homogenous unit that differentiates from surrounding stands of trees by age, species, composition, structure, density, site quality, and/or geography
How are stands represented on forestry maps?
Polygons
Permanent Sample Plots
fixed area plots in forestry to track growth and yield 50-100 years back with strict rules about not logging or disturbing them.
Stand density
the number of individual trees per given area in trees per hectare or steps per hectare
Basal Area Factor
fixes the relationship between prism counts and basal area per hectare
